Civic Literacy Florida final exam test (questions and solutions)

Civic Literacy Florida final exam test (questions and solutions) Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER-Type of government where power is derived from the people, either directly or indirectly. Representative Democracy or Democratic Republic - CORRECT ANSWER-An indirect or a representative democracy where eligible voters choose representatives to act on their behalf and make political decisions. Constitutional Democracy - CORRECT ANSWER-A government that draws its legitimacy from an authoritative document (a constitution) that defines the nation's system of government, its laws and usually the rights of its citizens. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. The Constitution describes who will make national laws, who will enforce them and who will interpret it. Social Contract Theory - CORRECT ANSWER-The belief that people are free and equal by natural right but will give up some freedom to give power to the government so that the government can protect their rights. Consent of the Governed - CORRECT ANSWER-The idea that our government derives its power from the people because we elect representatives to the legislative branch of government. Checks and Balances - CORRECT ANSWER-Principle reflected in the Constitution that grants each of the three branches (legislative, executive, and judicial) some control and scrutiny over one another. Separation of Powers - CORRECT ANSWER-Refers to the division of government branches: each with separate independent power and responsibilities, so that the powers of one branch do not conflict with the others. Rule of law - CORRECT ANSWER-No one is above the law; Everyone must follow the laws, regardless of their position of power. This was established by the Magna Carta in 1215. Everyone is equal under the law. Due process of law - CORRECT ANSWER-Fair treatment through the normal judicial system. Equality under the Law - CORRECT ANSWER-Equal treatment and equal protection without the guarantee of equal outcomes. Popular Sovereignty - CORRECT ANSWER-A belief that ultimate power resides in the people. Natural rights - CORRECT ANSWER-Rights people have by virtue of being human beings; both the Declaration of Independence and Constitution address the government's role in protecting these rights. Federalism - CORRECT ANSWER-A political system in which power is divided between a central government and multiple constituent, provincial, or state governments. Concurrent powers - CORRECT ANSWER-Powers that are held by both the federal and the local governments (e.g. taxing, roads, elections, lower courts). Equal Protection Clause - CORRECT ANSWER-Clause in the Fourteenth Amendment that forbids any st