Anthropology 101 Study Questions and Answers All Correct

Anthropology 101 Study Questions and Answers All Correct - Answer-is progressive in that old understandings form the basis for new research Pseudoscience is - Answer-scientifically testable ideas that are taken on faith, even if tested and shown to be false Evolution is a - Answer-theory, fact and a hypothesis Science as a Methodology - Answer-requires the testing of hypothesis which will be accepted, rejected or revised depending on the results An understanding as to how science works and what constitutes scientific knowledge is - Answer-is important for everyone who has to make choices about medical care, genetic testing, food safety and environmental issues Lamarck's Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics states - Answer-constant use of a trait in an individuals lifetime will strengthen the trait and this change can be passed onto offspring The measure of fitness in natural selection is - Answer-how many offspring are reproduced by the individual which live to a reproductive age Current knowledge of the earth and life on earth states - Answer-the earth and life on earth are billions of years old You are entitled to your own opinions but not your own facts - Answer-facts are objective knowledge that have been tested over and over and are accepted as almost absolute and seen as unlikely to ever be overturned. Science is - Answer-correctable, scientific knowledge is an open system subject to change in relationship to the data that is collected Ear wax is a monogenic trait and there are two possible alleles. There is an allele for wet, dry, sticky ear wax and an allele for dry, gray, flaky earwax. Wet ear wax is dominant and dry ear wax is recessive. If an individual has one recessive allele and one dominant allele... - Answer-they are heterozygous for this trait Typical males have an X and a Y sex chromosome and typical females have two XX's - Answer-this leads to males having more genetic disorders, because males do not have a matching pair of sex chromosomes Junk DNA - Answer-is non-coding DNA and we are just starting to learn how this DNA affects the expression of traits The term genotype refers to - Answer-the alleles possessed by an organism Protein synthesis - Answer-the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA Recessive alleles - Answer-will only be expressed when the dominant allele is not present Evolution takes place - Answer-over the course of many generations. Mutations are - Answer-changes in DNA that can prevent proteins from functioning normally and cause health problems Gamete sampling - Answer-When genes are passed on to the next generation in frequencies unlike those of the parental population. If we see change in the allele frequencies in a population over time - Answer- What are the 4 processes that can account for a change in allele frequencies over time? - Answer-Natural selection, gene flow, mutation and gene drift Microevolution is described as - Answer-small-scale evolutionary change, detectable in living populations (Darwin's finches are an example). Macroevolution is - Answer-large-scale evolutionary change, speciation, generally detectable in the fossil record. The development of antibiotic resistance is observed as an ongoing phenomena. In fact it is a serious health concern for the present and future populations. Some are concerned we may lose a great deal of our ability to use antibiotics to deal with bacterial infections. Is this an example of micro or macro evolution? - Answer-Microevolution What is our definition of species? - Answer- What prevents the interbreeding between species? - Answer- When can we say that we can see the origin of a new species? Is this a purposeful action or the result of the processes of evolution? - Answer- What is the process by which most species evolve? - Answer- According to your textbook, what can we say about the question "Has science dehumanized society?" - Answer-science gives us the understandings to control and implement technology, it doesn't tell us how to use these technologies AND it is not science or knowledge that is dangerous, it is how this knowledge is used that can cause problems (ignorance is our greatest danger) The flightless cormorant (a bird that cannot fly, but dives into water for fish) - Answer- cannot be easily explained by intelligent design, why would you design a bird that can't fly? Gamete sampling or sampling error - Answer-through random fluctuations from one generation to the next it can lead to dramatic changes in allele frequencies AND can result in elimination of an allele or the bringing of an allele to 100% in a population through random fluctuations from one generation to the next Typical males have an X and a Y sex chromosome and typical females have two XX's - Answer-this leads to males having more genetic disorders, because males do not have a matching pair of sex chromosomes Natural Selection - Answer-selects for traits that increase fitness in a particular environment AND selects for or against traits in relationship to the environment and fitness The purpose of natural selection - Answer-There is no purpose behind natural selection, there is only selection based on fitness Speciation - Answer-generally takes place when gene drift is stopped between populations humans are one of the most species on earth - Answer-specialized Niches and the example of the two monkeys - Answer-the niche of the monkey's included the food they ate and this affected maturation times, brain size and stomach size and configuration