(GCU) BIO-322 APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM GUIDE Q & A 2024

BIO-322 Applied Pathophysiology Final Exam Guide Q & A 2024 1. Which of the following best describes the etiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? A. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as obesity B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas C. Viral infection leading to insulin resistance D. Unknown cause Answer: A. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as obesity Rationale: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is primarily caused by a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as obesity and sedentary lifestyle. 2. What is the pathophysiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis? A. Destruction of joint cartilage due to excessi ve wear and tear B. Autoimmune response targeting synovial tissue C. Decreased production of anti -inflammatory cytokines D. Excessive production of uric acid crystals in joints Answer: B. Autoimmune response targeting synovial tissue Rationale: Rheumatoid Arthritis is characterized by an autoimmune response that targets the synovial tissue in joints, leading to inflammation and damage. 3. Which of the following clinical manifestations is commonly associated with heart failure? A. Hypertension B. Persisten t cough C. Hyperglycemia D. Muscle weakness Answer: B. Persistent cough Rationale: A persistent cough is a common symptom of heart failure, often due to fluid accumulation in the lungs. 4. What is the etiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)? A. Smoking and environmental pollution B. Bacterial infection of the lungs C. Genetic predisposition D. Autoimmune response targeting lung tissue Answer: A. Smoking and environmental pollution Rationale: The primary cause of COPD is smoking and ex posure to environmental pollutants such as dust and chemicals. 5. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of Asthma? A. Chronic inflammation of the airways leading to bronchoconstriction B. Excessive production of mucus in the airways C. Damage to alveoli causing decreased gas exchange D. Abnormal growth of lung tissue causing obstruction of airflow Answer: A. Chronic inflammation of the airways leading to bronchoconstriction Rationale: Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, leading to bronchoconstriction and difficulty breathing. 6. What is a common clinical manifestation of Hypothyroidism? A. Weight loss B. Heat intolerance C. Cold intolerance D. Excessive sweating