AP Biology Midterm Exam Study Guide

AP Biology Midterm Exam Study Guide A hypothesis must be these 2 things... Testable and falsifiable What are the levels of organization? Molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere What is a theory? Well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations and evidence What is a hypothesis? A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. (limited observations) What is qualitative data? Descriptive data; does not involve numbers What is quantitative data? Numerical data What are the subatomic particles? protons, neutrons, electrons What can be determined by the subatomic particles? Atomic number = # of protons Atomic mass (mass number) = # of protons + # of neutrons In a non-charged atom the # of protons = # of electrons How many electrons are in each valence shell? 2 are in the 1st shell and then 8 in each of the shells after that How do valence electrons play a role in reactivity? It is unpaired valence electrons that allows for bonding to occur What is a covalent bond? A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule What is an ionic bond? A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another What is a hydrogen bond?