BIOD 152 Module 2 Exam

Human Brain Divisions - answer-cerebrum, brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum What protects the brain? - answer-skull, meninges, and BBB Ventricles of the brain - answer-cavities within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid; 2 lateral, 3rd ventricle, 4th ventricle Meninges - answer-3 layers of connective tissue that cover and protect the CNS organs and enclose CSF. Dura Mater - answer-thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord pia mater - answer-the delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. CSF - answer-special fluid formed in walls of ventricles from blood plasma by permeating through the choroid plexus; cushions the brain and spinal cord by providing buoyancy, allowing the brain to float. BBB - answer-diffusion barrier that prevents most particles from entering CNS tissue; brain and spinal cord separate from general blood circulation. Formed by impermeable brain capillaries, due to astrocytes due to need for stable chemical environment. Cerebrum - answer-largest part of the brain, 83%; includes median longitudinal fissure, left and right cerebral hemispheres, gyri, sulci, and fissures corpus callosum - answer-A bridge of white nerve fibers that connect cerebral hemispheres Cerebral cortex - answer-outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain Deep sulci - answer-frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital Frontal sulci - answer-controls higher level executive fx like reasoning and decision making; controls motor fx and control over voluntary muscle actions parietal lobe - answer-A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch; receive sensory info from receptors in mouth for taste and in skn four touch, pain, and pressure. Occipital - answer-interprets visual input Temporal - answer-sensory areas for hearing and smelling Association areas - answer-act mainly to integrate more than 1 type of sensory info for purposeful action Primary motor cortex - answer-the section of the frontal lobe responsible for voluntary movement Primary sensory cortex - answer-regions of the cerebral cortex that initially process information from the senses Broca's area - answer-controls language expression - an area, usually in the left frontal lobe, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech; speech production Wernicke's Area - answer-located in temporal lobe; speech comprehension Conciousness - answer-state of being awake/aware, located in the cerebrum. Cerebrum controls: - answer-Cerebrum controls activities of the lower parts of the brain, can override functioning of lower parts of brain (i.e. via biofeedback, meditation, etc.), initiates voluntary motor activities and controls actions of cerebellum by acting on sensory input via thalamus. Brainstem - answer-medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain medulla oblongata - answer-Part of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion; vasoconstriction, reflex centers for vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccuping and swallowing, tracts that ascend or descend between SC and brains higher centers vasoconstriction - answer-the constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure. P