Bio 150 Chapter 1 Study Guide

Bio 150 Chapter 1 Study Guide Which groups of microbes are prokaryotes? Bacteria Archaea Which groups of microbes are eukaryotes? Fungi Protozoa Algae What is cell theory? All living things are composed of cells. What is germ theory of disease? Germ theory of disease demonstrates that a specific microbe causes a specific disease. Who observed the first cells, and developed the cell theory? Robert Hooke in 1665. Who is known for demonstrating the germ theory of disease? (Postulates and the cause of anthrax) Robert Koch in 1876 Examples of Bacteria: E. Coli, Streptococcus Examples of Archaea: Halophiles, thermophiles, mathanogens Examples of Fungi: Yeast, Mold, Mushrooms Examples of Protozoa: Amoeba, Euglena, Plasmodium Examples of Algae: Spirogiya, Chrorella, Seaweeds Examples of Viruses: Influenza, HIV, Polio Examples of Multicellular Animal Parasites: Flatworms, Roundworms Who discovered vaccination on small pox for the very first time? Edward Jenner Who discovered the first antibiotic, Penicillin? Alexander Fleming Who was the first scientist to use phenol as a disinfectant? Joseph Lister Who established the binomial naming system (nomenclature)? Carolus Linnaeus in 1735 What is pasteurization? The application of high heat for a short time to kill harmful bacteria in beverages. e.g. Milk Who discovered pasteurization? Louis Pasteur in 1861 (Golden age of Microbiology) What is biogenisis? The hypothesis that living cells arise only from preexisting living cells (Living things come from other living things only) What is spontaneous generation? The hypothesis that life arises from non-living things. What is fermentation? The microbial conversion of sugar to alcohol in the absence of air. e.g. wine, vinegar, bread What are normal microbiota? Microorganisms that live in and on our