3.3.1: Introduction to Organics
3.3.1.1 – Nomenclature
Definitions:
Empirical Formula - The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
Molecular Formula - The true number of atoms of each element in a compound.
General Formula - All members of a homologous organic series follow the general formula.
(CnH2n+2)
Structural Formula - Shows the structural arrangement of atoms within a molecule.
Displayed Formula - Shows every atom and every bond in an organic compound.
Skeletal Formula
Shows only the bonds in a compound and any non-
carbon atoms.
Vertices are carbon atoms.
Hydrogen is assumed to be bonded to them unless
stated otherwise.
Homologous Series:
Organic compounds are often part of a homologous series, in which all members follow a general
formula and react in a very similar way. Each consecutive member differs by CH 2 and there is an
increase in boiling points as chain length increases.
3.3.1.1 – Nomenclature
Definitions:
Empirical Formula - The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
Molecular Formula - The true number of atoms of each element in a compound.
General Formula - All members of a homologous organic series follow the general formula.
(CnH2n+2)
Structural Formula - Shows the structural arrangement of atoms within a molecule.
Displayed Formula - Shows every atom and every bond in an organic compound.
Skeletal Formula
Shows only the bonds in a compound and any non-
carbon atoms.
Vertices are carbon atoms.
Hydrogen is assumed to be bonded to them unless
stated otherwise.
Homologous Series:
Organic compounds are often part of a homologous series, in which all members follow a general
formula and react in a very similar way. Each consecutive member differs by CH 2 and there is an
increase in boiling points as chain length increases.
