BTM 200 Final Exam - Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)

BTM 200 Final Exam - Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) Ethics in computing 1. Social justice 2. Intellectual property 3. Privacy 4. Property rights 5. Electronic information access 6. Computer abuse Computer abuse The use of a computer to do something improper or illegal Morals Conforming to established ideas of right and wrong Laws They are formal standards that apply to all. Enforced by official agencies such as governments Relativism Moral principles dictated by cultural tastes and customs. No universal moral truth Relativism Case: Topless bathing in Europe. This is generally banned on public beaches in the US. Divine command God is all-knowing. He is the one who sets morals and ethical standards. Divine command Case: the ten commandments Divine command God's law is right all should conform to it. Breaking God's law is wrong. Utilitarism Actions are judged solely by consequences. In other words, the outcomes of yours actions should be judged. Utilitarism Actions that lead to, or produce happiness are considered to be superior to those that generate unhappiness. Utilitarism The greater good is more important than individual's happiness. Utilitarism Case: weapons of mass destruction. It may end war sooner. To that effect, saves lives and misery that would have otherwise been more. Virtue Morals are found internally (within the person) Virtue Every individual should aim to behave well. Virtue Case: Volunteers versus court-ordered community service. Virtue Case: donating money without having your identity announced. Duty-based (deontology) Understanding and adopting a lifestyle in line with moral duties and rights. Duty-based (deontology) Everyone is expected to follow these moral duties and rights. Duty-based (deontology) Case: freedom of religion, speech Unethical behavior Does not mean necessarily illegal and illegal behavior does not necessarily mean unethical. Amoral behavior No sense of right/wrong and the lack of awareness or interest in the consequences. Sources of personal ethics - Religion - Family - Experience - Teachers - Friends - Reflection Ethics and society Social rules of conduct exist. Ignoring them can have an impact. Considering them may provide health benefits. Rejecting them may produce stress. Positive psychology Field of psychology that studies the causes of happiness. Positive psychology Identifying personal strengths and values Positive psychology Negative (cheating, stealing, selfishness, lying) versus positive (generosity, honesty, trust) Technology challenges Technology advances continue to challenge the boundaries for ethics and moral behavior. Social justice Programming ethics into robots. Who should do it? Who should govern it? Intellectual property 3D printing misuse. Can regulations be imposed? Privacy Human implanted data chips. Societal benefit or privacy violation? Property rights Who owns outer space? Computer abuse Is organized hacking a mode of terrorism. Circuit Closed path followed or capable of being followed by an electric current. Vacuum tubes Used wire circuits inside them to facilitate the flow of electrons. Transistors Tiny electronic switch that can be turned "on" or "off" millions of times per second. Integrated circuit Are solid state (no moving parts). All the parts of an electronic circuit embedded on a single silicon chip. Silicon A semiconductor made of clay and sand Semiconductor A material whose electrical properties are intermediate between a good conductor and a nonconductor of electricity. Semiconductor Perfect underlayer for highly conductive, complex circuits. Microchips (microprocessors) are made from ____________ Semiconductor Chip A tiny piece of silicon that contains millions of microminiature integrated electronic circuits. Microchip Store and process data in electronic devices. Microprocessors The miniaturized circuitry of an entire computer processor ("brain") on a single chip. Microprocessors Contains the central processing unit (CPU), which processes data into information. System unit The case that contains the computer's electronic components used to process data PC Tower or desktop; monitor is separate. Laptop Monitor is attached to the system unit, like a clamshell. Tablet Usually includes a touch-screen interface. Smartphone Handheld system units. Binary system The basic data-representation method for computers uses just 2 numbers: 0 and1, representing the off/on states of electricity or light pulses. Bit Each 0 or 1. Byte A group of 8 bits (1 character, digit, or other value). Kilobyte (KB) 1000 (1024) bytes Megabyte (MB) 1 million (1,048,576) bytes Gigabyte (GB) 1 billion (1,073,741,824) bytes Terabyte (TB) 1 trillion (1,009,511,627,776) bytes Petabyte (PB) 1 quadrillion bytes Exabyte (EB) 1 quintillion bytes ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) Requires 7 or 8 bits per character, depending on the version. 8-bit extended provides 256 characters. Commonly used for microcomputers Unicode Requires 16 bits per character. Handles 65,536 characters - used for Chinese and Japanese. EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) Requires 8 bits per character. Used for IBM mainframes Machine language A binary-type programming language (0s and 1s) built into the CPU that is run directly by the computer. Language translator The computer's system software converts higher-level language instructions and data into machine language so that the processor can "understand" what to do. Bay Opening in the computer cabinet used for the installation of electrical equipment.