Microbio 301 UW Exam 1 Questions And Answers.

Lack a nucleus or membrane bound organelles, usually unicellular. Smaller and simpler than most eukaryotic cells. Contain two types of domain Bacteria and Archaea. - Prokaryotic cells Ridged cell wall contains peptidoglycan. Includes a nucleoid (no nucleus) with no membrane-bound organelles. Multiply by binary fission - cell enlarges then divides - Bacteria Bacterial shapes: Coccus Rods (bacillus) Coccobacillus Vibrio Spirillum Spirochete - - Coccus - spherical - Rod (bacillus) - rod - Coccobacillus - super short rods - Vibrio- short curved rod - Spirillum- curved rod long enough to form spirals - Spirochete - a super long, spiral-shaped cell with a flexible cell was capable of motility. Includes a nucleoid (no nucleus) with no membrane-bound organelles. Has Ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequences that contain a a molecule involved in protein synthesis that is different from that of bacteria. Similar shapes sizes and appearances to bacteria. Many different types of cell walls (no peptidoglycan). Has the ability to grow in extreme enviroments - Archaea Include a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Unicellular or multicellular. No peptidoglycan. - Eukaryotic cells - diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that often live in aqueous environments.- Some are unicellular and others are multicellular. - contain chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll. - ridged cell walls - Algae - range from unicellular yeasts the reproduce by budding to multicellular filamentous molds. - Molds called hyphae can turn into a visible mat. - Gain their energy form degrading organic materials. - Fungi secrete enzymes to degrade organic materials. - Fungi How do bacteria obtain energy? - - from foods similar to what humans eat - gain energy from unlikely sources ex. hydrogen sulfide - photosynthetically. - Diverse group of microscopic singlecelled eukaryotes - Lack a cell wall - Diverse group of microscopic singlecelled eukaryotes - Protozoa Eukaryotes that live at the expense of a host - Common cause of disease in developing countries - Helminths (multicellular worms) Name two things classified as Protists - Protozoa and Algae Three types of Acellular infectious agents - Viruses, viroids, prions Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat. infect living cells then use its machinery and nutrients to replicate. - Viruses - Nucleic acid only (RNA) - Simpler than viruses- Obligate intracellular agents to cause a number of plant diseases. - Viroids Misfiled proteins found in the brain. - Cause diseases called spongiform encephalopathies —> brains diseases. - (ex. agent that causes "mad cow" disease) - can not reproduce independently - Prions