Pathophysiology Multiple Choice Questions With 100% Verified Answers Graded A+/2024.

Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to: a. treat disease. b. protect cells from injury. c. prevent cellular aging. d. speed up cellular death. - correct answer Protect Cells from Injury Cellular atrophy involves: a. an increase in cell size. b. a decrease in cell size. c. an increase in the number of cells. d. a decrease in the number of cells. - correct answer A decrease in cell size An individual with damage to the spinal cord may experience atrophy of which of the following organs? a. Liver b. Brain c. Skeletal muscles d. Skin - correct answer Skeletal Muscles The process of cellular atrophy is accomplished through which of the following processes? a. Loss of fluid b. Decreased cell division c. Inhibition of enzyme formation d. Formation of autophagic vacuoles - correct answer Formation of autophagic vacuoles Pathologic hyperplasia can lead to: a. neoplasia (cancer). b. dysplasia. c. metaplasia. d. all of the above. - correct answer Neoplasia (cancer) Dysplasia Metaplasia In response to an increased workload, such as that caused by high blood pressure (hypertension), myocardial cells in the left ventricle will adapt through the process of: a. atrophy. b. hypertrophy. c. hyperplasia. d. dsyplasia. - correct answer Hypertrophy The process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in: a. cell division. b. water accumulation. c. protein synthesis. d. plasma membrane thickness. - correct answer Protein synthesis Chronic infection of the cervix by the human papilloma virus results in cervical: a. atrophy. b. dysplasia. c. metaplasia. d. hormonal hyperplasia. - correct answer Dysplasia Metaplasia involves the replacement of normal cells by: a. another type of cell. b. abnormal cells of the same tissue type. c. scar tissue. d. cancer cells. - correct answer Another type of cell Metaplasia occurs in response to: a. increased workload. b. growth factor secretion. c. cell injury from noxious stimuli. d. viral infection. - correct answer Cell injury from noxious stimuli Atypical hyperplasia (dysplasia) is characterised by abnormal changes in all of the following except: a. cell size. b. cell shape. c. cell organisation. d. cell secretions. - correct answer Cell Secetions The most common cause of hypoxic injury is: a. free radicals. b. malnutrition. c. chemical toxicity. d. ischaemia. - correct answer Ischaemia Restoration of oxygen to oxygen-deprived tissues results in: a. hypoxic injury. b. chemical injury. c. reperfusion injury. d. establishment of normal cell metabolism. - correct answer Reperfusion Injury Vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene are molecules in food that act as: a. poisons. b. free radicals. c. receptor blockers. d. antioxidants. - correct answer Antioxidants Which of the following organs is most frequently affected by ethanol injury? a. Heart b. Kidneys c. Liver d. Stomach - correct answer Liver