Pathophysiology Final Exam 100% Complete Answers/Semester 2024.

What is allergic asthma associated with? - correct answer Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated What are the S&S of ARDS? - correct answer SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax? - correct answer Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected lung What is cystic fibrosis? - correct answer Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal Recessive) Changes with an asthma attack: - correct answer Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing) How do you interpret ABG's? - correct answer 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high) 2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis) 3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis) 4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH) 5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal) Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - correct answer Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis) Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2? - correct answer Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis) Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - correct answer Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis) Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3? - correct answer Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis) What are signs of renal cancer? - correct answer No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine) How do you manage end stage renal disease? - correct answer Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic) What do you call kidney pain? - correct answer Nephralgia What is the most helpful test to determine renal function? - correct answer Creatinine What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis? - correct answer E. coli What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure? - correct answer Hypovolemia - Give Fluids What causes acute intrarenal failure? - correct answer Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal Ischemia What do we see associated with SIADH? - correct answer Fluid Retention (edema), Crackles in Lungs, Hypertension, Decreased Sodium (diluted) What causes myxedema coma? - correct answer Hypothyroidism What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes? - correct answer Impaired Glucose Transport What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes? - correct answer Type I - Complete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia) Type II - Insulin resistance on the cells What would we see with hypoparathyroidism? - correct answer Decrease of Calcium (softer bones), Positive Chvostek's Sign, Tetany/Hyperactivity of Muscles/Tremors What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes? - correct answer Give Insulin What is the therapy for Type II Diabetes? - correct answer Diet, Exercise, Oral Antihyperglycemic Medicine (sensitizes cells to take up insulin) What are some complications of Diabetes? - correct answer Paresthesia, Neuropathy, Retinopathy, Cardiac Problems, Hypertension, Nephropathy What is Celiac Spruce? What should you avoid? - correct answer Gluten Intolerance Avoid Wheat Products: Wheat, Rye, Barley What do we associate with hepatic encephalopathy? - correct answer Increased Ammonia Levels How do histamine antagonists work to manage peptic ulcer disease? - correct answer Acts of H2 receptors - Coats the stomach and decreases the secretion of stomach acids What are the 2 types of inflammatory bowel disorders? - correct answer Chron's Disease Ulcerative Colitis