Medical-Surgical Nursing Questions and 100% Correct Answers

Type 1 diabetes - is when the pancreas makes little or no insulin. Insulin is a hormone the body uses to allow sugar aka glucose to enter cells to produce energy. Usually Causes in adolescents through genetics or exposure to certain viruses. Treatment is directed toward managing the amount of sugar in the blood using insulin, diet and lifestyle to prevent complications. Symptoms include thirst, weight loss, hungry, tired/ weak, urinating a lot, and blurry vision. Type 2 diabetes - impairment in the way the body regulates and uses sugar (glucose) as fuel. Type 2 diabetes is a long-term chronic condition where there is too much sugar circulating in the bloodstream. High blood sugar level can lead to disorders of the circulatory, nervous and immune system. Your pancreas dosen't produce enough insulin, insulin is a hormemone that regulates the movment of sugar in your cells thus cells respond poorly to insulin and take in less sugar. Causes of type 2 are cell in mucles fat and liver become more resistant to insulin, as well the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin to manage blood sugar levels. Anemia - condition which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues. Symptoms Fatigue, weakness, pale/ yellow skin, irregular heartbeats, shortness of breath, dizziness or lightheadedness, chest pain, cold hands and feet, and headaches. Causes present at birth or developed, this can happen if your body dosent make enough red blood cells, bleeding, and your body destorying the red blood cells themself. Diagnosis CBC treatment depending the type of diet, vitamins and iron supplements can help. Leukemias - is a cancer of the body's blood-forming tissues, including bone marrow and lymphatic system. Multiple types exits. mainly involves white blood cells. Which are potent to fight infections. Normal white blood cells grow and divide when needed however patients tend to have bone marrow produce excessive mounts of abnormal white blood cells which dont fuction. Symptoms- fever chills, persistent fatigue and weakness, frequent infections, lose of weight, swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver/ spleen, and easy bleeding. Causes unsure. Types Acute and chronic lukemia. Risk factors - previous cance genetic diorder smoking, chemical exposure and family history Diagnosis physical exam, blood test, bone marrow test. Treatment- chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, bone marrow transplant and immunothrepy. urinary tract infections (UTI) - kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra, woman are at greater risk due to the urethra. Symptoms strong urge to urinate, buring feeling when urinating, urinating often, bloudy urine, coloured urine, red bright pink or cola coloured. Strong smelling and pelvic pain. Types differ depending on location. Causes infection of the bladder - ecoli, sex, and infection of the urethra from gi bateria. Risk factors- female shorter urethra, sexual activity, certain birthcontrol, menopause urinary tract problems, blockages in urinary tract, supreesed immune system, and catheter use. Diagnosis - urine sample, bacteria found in lab, imaging and scoping the bladder. Treatment medciations such are trimethoprim renal failure - involves the gradual loss of the kidneys, kidneys filter wastes and excess fluid from your blood, then removed through urine. Advanced kidney failure can lead to a build up of fluids, electrolytes and wastes in your body. Symptoms nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue and weakness, sleep problems urinating more or less decreased mental sharpness and muscle cramp. Causes type 1 and 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, interstital nephritits, polycystic kidney disease, porlonged obstructions, and recurrent kidney infections. Risk factors diabetes highblood pressure, heart disease, smoking, obiseity, being black,native american or asian american, family history, older age. Complications fluid retention, rise in potassium levels, anemia, heart disease, weak bones, decreased sex drive, decreased immune response. Preventions follow instruction on over counter medication, maintain a healthy weight, dont smoke, manage your medical conditions with your doctos help. Diagnosis blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests, and removing a sample of kidney tissue for testing.