Nursing 3100 - Unit 4 with Complete Solutions

Nursing 3100 - Unit 4 with Complete Solutions Pathogenicity ability to cause disease virulence degree of pathogenicity invasiveness ability of a bacterial pathogen to rapidly spread through tissue and cause destruction to surrounding tissue exotoxins Proteins *ex*creted by bacteria with power to inactivate or kill host cells endotoxins chemical components of the cell walls of certain bacteria At bacterial death, *endotoxins are released* causing inflammation, fever, chills bacteria differentiation staining (gram +/-) shape oxygen use (an/aerobic) Broad-spectrum drugs attack many different pathogens Narrow-spectrum drugs attack only a few different pathogens based on bacteria differentiation Gram positive bacteria *thick* cell wall *positive* keeps *p*urple color Gram negative bacteria *thin* cell wall *negative* loses color Bacterial shapes - bacilli rod shaped Bacterial shapes - cocci spherical Bacterial shapes - spirilla spiral Aerobic bacteria Bacteria that require oxygen for survival Anaerobic bacteria Bacteria that grow or survive in absence of oxygen Bacteriocidal anti-infective that kills bacteria Bacteriostatic anti-infective that slows/stops bacterial growth Acquired resistance resistance that develops through mutation or acquisition of new genes how does acquired resistance occur? -improper use of anti-infectives -bacterial mutation How to prevent bacterial resistance -prevent infection -correct diagnosis/treatment -finish medication schedule -don't over-prescribe -prevent pathogen transmission HAI - Health-care Associated Infection "nocosomial" -acquired in health care setting -#1 - UTI -surgical wound -respiratory tract -bacteremia