History 102 Final Exam UWRF Houseman Questions and Answers

CHAPTER 28 - What was the official reason for American entry into the First World War? - Answer-U-boat Warfare used by Germany Besides the Western Front, where else was the First World War fought? - Answer-East Africa, The Eastern Front, Gallipoli peninsula in Turkey Why did the Ottoman Empire enter the war on the side of the Central Powers? - Answer-German economic influence (Berlin-to-Baghdad railway) What was the Japanese Empire's role in the First World War? - Answer--Demanded removal of German Navy from the Pacific -Ended German colonialism in the Pacific (Samoa, Marshall Islands, New Guinea) -Took German treaty port in China (Qingdao) What was the Italian experience of the First World War? - Answer--Spring 1915: Britain convinced Italy to enter the war -Opened the Austrian Front (the "White Front") -High altitudes What were some of the hardships faced by the Allies by the spring of 1917? - Answer-Hardships: -Heavy conscription -Food shortages -Suppression of their strikesHow did the Allies defeat the Ottoman Empire? What attempt to invade the Ottomans ended in failure? - Answer-It was dismantled due to surrender. Britain had promised the Arabs independence from Ottoman rule What were some of the problems the Russian Empire encountered in the war? - Answer-Russia's low level of industrialization Poor transport Shortage of labor Result: 1/3 of Russian soldiers without guns (1915) What were some of the problems faced by Russia's Provisional Government between February and October 1917? - Answer-February 1917: abdication of the tsar; provisional government February 1917: mutiny among the tsar's troops in St. Petersburg October 1917: Bolshevik Revolution; V.I. Lenin Provisional Government was finally overthrown Where did the October Revolution take place and who led it? - Answer-Took place in St. Petersburg at the Winter Palace The revolution led by V.I. Lenin () What was a soviet? - Answer-Soviets: labor councils composed of elected representatives. What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk? - Answer-Russia withdrew from the war Germany: victory on the Eastern Front What empires failed at the end of the First World War? - Answer-In the Ottoman, German, and Austrian empires, the monarchs abdicated. What area was divided in the Sykes-Picot Agreement? - Answer-Division of the Middle East- Ottoman areas dividedWhat were some of the international challenges faced by the League of Nations in the 1930s? - AnswerJapan in Manchuria (1931) Italy in Ethiopia (1935) Soviet Union in Finland (1939) What was the New Economic Policy introduced by V.I. Lenin in 1921 and why did he introduce it? - Answer--Small scale industries were returned to private ownership (20 workers or less) -Farmers: allowed to sell their produce for a profit -Encouraged a return to agricultural production He introduced it because the economy was badly damaged by war. -Demobilized soldiers -Poor agricultural production -Famine in the Ukraine (League of Nations) -Factories destroyed