ALU 301 Exam study Guide |Questions with Complete Solutions

ALU 301 Exam study Guide |Questions with Complete Solutions Cells that can recognize altered surface molecules on mutated host cells as "foreign" and move to destroy the cell that carries them are: 1. Complements 2. Receptors 3. Natural Killers 4. Mediators Natural Killers All of the following are common examples of autoimmune disease EXCEPT: 1. Hashimoto's thyroiditis 2. Rheumatoid arthritis 3. Graves' Thyroid Disease 4. Poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis Which of the following statements regarding serum immunoglobulin levels is/are correct? A. Monoclonal gammopathy is a risk for transformation into multiple myeloma. B. Polyclonal gammopathy is frequently associated with chronic infections. C. Low serum globulin can indicate a primary immune deficiency. 1. A only 2. B only 3. A and C only 4. All of the above All of the above The type of immune cell that differentiates in the bone marrow is: 1. T-lymphocyte 2. Helper T-cells 3. Natural Killer cells 4. B-lymphocyte B-lymphocyte Which of the following statements regarding T-lymphocytes is/are correct: A. One type is cytotoxic T-cells B. They eliminate infected cells C. They provide immunity by production of antibodies 1. A only 2. A and B only 3. B and C only 4. All of the above A and B The cells of the immune system originate in the: 1. spleen 2. white blood cells 3. bone marrow 4. lymph nodes bone marrow A polyclonal gammopathy pattern on serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) can indicate all of the following EXCEPT: 1. Multiple myeloma 2. Infectious mononucleosis 3. Chronic hepatitis 4. Connective tissue disease Multiple Myeloma Which of the following statements regarding common variable immunodeficiency is/are correct? A. It is a congenital disease. B. Diarrhea is a recurring problem C. Adults usually present with chronic sinus infections. 1. A only 2. B only 3. A and C only 4. B and C only B and C Functions of T-Lymphocytes include which of the following? A. defense against cancer B. elimination of infected cells C. correction of errors in DNA 1. A and B only 2. A and C only 3. B and C only 4. All of the above A and B Which of the following is an autoimmune disease: A. Systemic lupus B. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia C. Hashimoto's thyroiditis 1. A only 2. A and B 3. B and C 4. All of the above All of the above All of the following about the Innate system are true EXCEPT: 1. It changes over the lifetime of an individual 2. It is very broad in ability to respond to invasive organisms 3. Response is non-specific 4. Has no immunological memory It changes over the lifetime of an individual Which of the following are components of the Innate system? A. Physical barrier B. Red Blood Cells C. White Blood Cells 1. A only 2. A and C 3. B and C A and C The most abundant white blood cells in the blood count differential are: 1. Monocytes 2. Granulocytes 3. Natural Killer Cells 4. Lymphocytes Granulocytes This disorder results in frequent respiratory infections and chronic pulmonary disease of varying severity is: 1. Agammaglobulinemia 2. IgA deficiency 3. CVID 4. SCID IgA deficiency All of the following regarding cancer immunotherapy are correct EXEPT: 1. The most difficult aspect of cancer therapy is paring the patient's normal tissue from damage while delivering fatal treatment to cancer cells. 2. Immunotherapy with cytokines are given to enhanced the patient's own defenses. 3. Monoclonal antibodies aims the anti-cancer therapy directly at individual cancer cells without damaging normal cells 4. Monoclonal antibodies cannot be combined with radioactive substances that are toxic to cancer cells Monoclonal antibodies cannot be combined with radioactive substances that are toxic to cancer cells All of the following regarding cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) are correct EXCEPT: 1. It is made by deactivated macrophages and lymphocytes. 2. It enhances white blood cell cytotoxicity. 3. It promotes inflammation. 4. Are given to enhance the patient's own defenses. It is made by deactivated macrophages and lymphocytes. Which of the following are medications that block function and decrease the inflammatory activity associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis? A. Enteracept (Enbrel) B. Adalimumab (Humira) C. Interferon alpha 1. A only 2. A and B 3. A and C 4. All of the above A and B All of the following regarding Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) are correct EXCEPT: 1. Must be considered in those with chronic pulmonary infections and low globulin levels. 2. It is congenital and affects stem cells. 3. It is associated with autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 4. With good management, it can be mild enough to allow for near normal lifespan. It is congenital and affects stem cells. The disorder that causes recurrent bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, sinuses and ears (Otis media) is: 1. IgA deficiency 2. Psoriasis 3. X-linked agammaglobulinemia 4. Systemic lupus erythematosus X-linked agammaglobulinemia The mainstay of treatment for acute mild to moderate ulcerative colitis is: 1. proton pump inhibitor 2. 5-aminosalicylate compounds 3. immunomodulators 4. biologic agents 5-aminosalicylate compounds All of the following statements regarding Crohn's Disease (CD) are correct EXCEPT: 1. It involves inflammation of all layers of the bowel wall. 2. It can involve nearby lymph nodes. 3. The most common presenting symptom is a fistula. The most common presenting symptom is a fistula. Which of the following statements regarding the cancer risk with ulcerative colitis is/are correct? A. The premalignant lesion is usually a polyp. B. The duration of disease is a risk factor. C. A colectomy is recommended when dysplasia is present. 1. A only 2. A and B 3. B and C 4. All of the above B and C Deep linear ulcerations that are separated by normal mucosa seen on imaging are: 1. skip lesions 2. bowel ischemia 3. celiac sprue 4. diverticulitis skip lesions Ulcerative colitis disease severity is determined by: 1. Age 2. Recurrence 3. Endoscopy 4. Laboratory findings Endoscopy All of the following statements regarding ulcerative colitis are correct EXCEPT: 1. It involves inflammation of all layers of the colon wall 2. It manifests only in the colon 3. The most common presenting symptom is rectal bleeding 4. Physical findings can be nonspecific It involves inflammation of all layers of the colon wall Factors that can contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) include which of the following: A. History of alcoholism B. Genetic susceptibility C. Environmental factors 1. A only 2. B only 3. A and B only 4. B and C only B and C Serologic markers used in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) include: A. alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) B. perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA) C. anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) 1. A only 2. C only 3. A and B only 4. B and C only B and C The most common extra-intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease is: 1. uveitis 2. fatty liver 3. arthritis 4. pyoderma gangrenosum arthritis Potential etiologies of inflammatory bowel disease include all of the following EXCEPT: 1. genetic susceptibility 2. impaired immune regulation 3. appendectomy in childhood 4. environmental factors appendectomy in childhood Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is/are correct? A. Oral corticosteroids are commonly used to treat mild disease. B. 5-aminosalicylate-based compounds are the mainstay treatment for severe disease C. Proctocolectomy eliminates the risk of colon cancer in those with ulcerative colitis. 1. A only 2. C only 3. A and B 4. All of the above C only Which of the following could be factors of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)? A. Use of NSAIDs B. Smoking C. Genes 1. A only 2. A and C 3. B and C 4. All of the above All of the above Ulcerative colitis manifests in the: 1. Colon and mucosa 2. Whole wall of the colon 3. Lymph nodes 4. Mouth Colon and mucosa All of the following are common symptoms of ulcerative colitis (UC) EXCEPT: 1. Rectal bleeding 2. Abdominal cramping 3. Constant fecal urgency 4. Fever Fever Which of the following are characteristics of Crohn's Disease (CD)? A. Skip lesions pattern B. Inflammation of all layers of the bowel wall C. Continuous pattern 1. A only 2. A and B 3. B and C 4. All of the above A and B Which of the following factors are necessary for underwriters to evaluate the risk of an individual with ulcerative colitis (UC)? A. Age at disease onset B. Current therapy C. Extra-intestinal manifestations 1. A only 2. A and B 3. A and C 4. All of the above All of the above The disease characterized by small bowel involvement and abdominal pain is: 1. Crohn's disease 2. Gastroesophageal reflux disease 3. Ulcerative Colitis 4. Irritable Bowel Syndrome Crohn's Disease What are the main sites of potential cancer related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)? A. Colon B. Rectum C. Stomach 1. A only 2. A and B 3. B and C 4. All of the above A and B Lymphocytes are cells of: 1. Innate immune system 2. Compliment system 3. Adaptive immune system 4. Hepatobiliary system Adaptive immune system Once mature, the cells that provide immunity by production of antibodies that circulate in the blood and extra-cellular fluids are: 1. Natural Killer (NK) cells 2. B-lymphocytes 3. Monocytes 4. Hepatocytes B-lymphocytes All of the following are proposed etiologies of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) EXCEPT: 1. Genetic predisposition 2. Abnormality of mucosal immune system 3. High blood pressure 4. Unidentified environmental factors High blood pressure What laboratory testing should be included to assist in clinical diagnosis and monitoring of IBD? A. CBC B. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) C. eGFR D. Occult blood 1. A and B 2. A, C, and D 3. A, B, and D 4. All of the above A, B, and D In advanced Crohn's disease, submucosal thickening and ulceration gives the appearance of: 1. smooth tissue 2. skip lesions 3. cobblestoned 4. fistula cobblestoned