WSU Biology 102 Final Exam Carlyole Questions and Answers with complete solution

What is a theory in science? - Answer-and overarching explanation of a variety of related observations What is a hypothesis - Answer-an educated guess about a natural phenomenon Science is limited to hypotheses that can be falsified. What does this mean? - AnswerThat Hypotheses must be made so that they can be proven either right or wrong, true or false. What does it mean to say a hypothesis is falsifiable? - Answer-it is possible to imagine some observation that would show the hypothesis is false What did the researchers need to do to determine if its is the fungus that was causing the bats death? - Answer-infect healthy bats with the fungus and record how many of them die What specific group was the control group designed to answer in the Bat experiments? - Answer-are bats dying from something in the environment besides the fungus What is pseudoscience - Answer-scientific sounding claims based on poorly constructed experiments or faulty conclusions Do vaccines cause autism? - Answer-No- but there is correlation Which plastic recycle codes indicate the plastic may be made with BPA - Answer-3 & 7 How does BPA cause cancer? - Answer-Causes eggs to divide unevenly and results in them having too many or too few chromosomes. It effects meiosis which is the type of cell division that begins sexual reproduction. What is a genetic fingerprint? - Answer-a set of characteristics that are unique to the DNA of an individual organism, obtained by analyzing small samples of biological material such as body tissues or fluids What is the first step to making a DNA fingerprint - Answer-Do PCR What is the second step in DNA finger prints - Answer-cut out the samples with the same restriction enzyme Which type of restriction enzyme would you choose when making a DNA fingerprint - Answer-one that makes a blunt cutwhen doing genetic engineering how could you get the gene of interest inserted into the bacterial plasmid - Answer-cut both the gene and the plasmid with a restriction enzyme that creates a staggered cut and then mixed together What system is currently being used to produce viruses for vaccines - Answer-the virus is grown in chicken eggs and harvested to make the vaccine Which of the macromolecules is a protein - Answer-Enzymes we obtain macromolecules from our diet. which macromolecules would you get from eating meat? - Answer-protein and lipids Which two macromolecules make up a cell membrane - Answer-phospholipids and proteins If the water is saltier than the cytoplasm, and if water is the only thing that can move across the cell membrane, what will happen to the cell - Answer-shrivel up as water moves out how do the vesicles carrying materials for export find their way through the cell - Answer-travel along microtubules of the cytoskeleton using them as a highway what is a cell doing for most of interphase - Answer-carrying out normal cell functions what happens during Sphase of the cell cycle - Answer-the DNA replicates doubling the amount of DNA in the cell What happens during crossing over - Answer-the homologs exchange portions of DNA with each other in mitosis what is on the line in metaphase - Answer-the centromeres of each chromosome What is the role of meiosis - Answer-the process by which both sperm and eggs are made What happens that allows tumors to form - Answer-cells fail to stop the cell cycle at the G1 or G2 checkpoints even when the cell is flawed what is metastasis and how does it relate to tumor growth - Answer-it is when tumor cells lose their anchorage dependence and travel with the circulatory or lymph systems to other locations of the body what is angiogenesis and how does it relate to tumor growth - Answer-it is the formation of blood vessels to supply the growing tumor cellshow does a monosomy occur during meiosis - Answer-the homologs fail to separate during meiosis 1 IT happens when an egg has experienced non disjunction and then become fertilized - Answer-trisomy Chromosomal theory of inheritance - Answer-how traits are passed from parent to offspring what does true breeding mean - Answer-the offspring always have the same phenotype as the parents Variation of a gene - Answer-Allele Which process creates gametes - Answer-meiosis Pattern of inheritance - Answer-epistasis