Week 4: Mid-term Study Guide NUR507-NP

Pulmonary Review conceptsrelated to • Anticholinergic drugs o Anticholinergic agents – block acetylcholine binding ▪ Primarily in lung bronchodilation through ( Decreased parasympathetic response) • Tiotropium, ipratropium • Asthma ▪ Is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial mucosa that causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness, constriction of the airways, and variable airflow obstruction that is reversible o chronic disease characterized by ▪ airway inflammation ▪ bronchial hyperreactivity and smooth muscle spasm ▪ intermittent,reversible airflow obstruction o caused by ▪ complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors o resulting in ▪ excess mucus production and accumulation ▪ hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle ▪ airflow obstruction o asthma can take two forms ▪ extrinsic asthma • triggered by a chronic allergic reaction o (mold, pollen, dust mites, pet dander) • Elevated IgE level is diagnostic • More common especially in children (males: females = 2:1) ▪ Intrinsic asthma • Triggered by a variety of non-allergic factors o (chemicals, airborne irritants, infections- viral, exercise, stress, anxiety, GERD, obesity) o No initial elevation in IgE level o Typically seen in adults (40yrs) – slightly more common in females o Most common symptoms of extrinsic and intrinsic asthma ▪ Coughing, wheezing, SOB ▪ Rapid breathing, chest tightness o Treatment ▪ Immediate administration of oxygen and inhaled beta-agonist bronchodilators ▪ Inhaled corticosteroids should be administered early in the course of management. ▪ Avoidance of allergens and irritants, control ofsymptoms and prevention of exacerbations ▪ Severe asthma- long-acting beta agonists can be used to control persistent bronchospas