Principles of Biomedical Science Exam
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
Active Immunity - ANSWER-Immunity produced by the person's own immune system.
This type of immunity can be brought about by a natural infection or by a vaccine. It is
usually long lasting.
Adhesion - ANSWER-A sticking together of substances; the molecular attraction
exerted between the surfaces of bodies in contact.
Adenine - ANSWER-A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as
ATP, and certain coenzymes. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Agarose - ANSWER-A polysaccharide obtained from seaweed that is used as the
supporting medium in gel electrophoresis.
Allele - ANSWER-Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable
phenotypic effects.
Alpha-globin - ANSWER-The poly-peptide chain of hemoglobin that is designated as
alpha.
Amino Acid - ANSWER-An organic molecule possessing both the carboxyl and amino
acid groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.
Amino Group - ANSWER-A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to
two hydrogen atoms.
Amplification - ANSWER-A usually massive replication of genetic material and
especially of a gene or DNA sequence.
Angiography - ANSWER-The radiographic visualization of the blood vessels after
injection of a radiopaque substance in the form of an angiogram.
Amylase - ANSWER-Any of a group of enzymes (as amylopsin) that catalyze the
hydrolysis of starch and glycogen or their intermediate hydrolysis products.
Anemia - ANSWER-A condition in which the blood is deficient of red blood cells, in
hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Antibiotic - ANSWER-Substance produced by or a semi-synthetic substance derived
from a microorganism and able in dilute solution to inhibit or kill another microorganism.
,Antibiotic Resistance - ANSWER-Resistance to one or more antibiotics, usually due to
additional genetic information.
Antibody - ANSWER-Any of a large number of proteins of high molecular weight that
are produced by specialized B cells after stimulation by an antigen and act specifically
against the antigen in an immune response, that are produced abnormally by some
cancer cells, and that typically consist of four subunits including two heavy chains and
two light chains
Antigen - ANSWER-Any substance foreign to the body that invokes an immune
response either alone or after forming a complex with a larger molecule (as a protein)
and that is capable of binding with a product (an antibody or a T cell) of the immune
response.
Antiseptic - ANSWER-A substance that inhibits the growth or action of microorganisms
especially in or on living tissue.
Antiviral drugs - ANSWER-Drugs that act, are effective, or are directed against viruses.
Aorta - ANSWER-The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be
distributed by branch arteries through the body.
Aortic Valve - ANSWER-The semilunar valve that prevents blood from flowing backward
into the left ventricle.
Arrhythmia - ANSWER-An alteration in rhythm of the heartbeat either in time or force.
Artery - ANSWER-Any of the tubular branching muscular and elastic walled vessels that
carry blood through the body.
Atom - ANSWER-The smallest whole particle of an element that can exist alone or in
combination.
Atrium - ANSWER-A chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces
it into the ventricles as the heart pumps.
Autopsy - ANSWER-An examination of the body after death usually with dissection as
will expose the vital organs for determining the cause of death or the character or extent
of changes produced by disease- also called a necropsy, postmortem examination.
Autosome - ANSWER-A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex
(gender), as opposed to the sex chromosomes (X or Y).
Bacillus - ANSWER-A cylindrical or rod- shaped bacterium.
, Bacteria - ANSWER-A domain in the system of classification dividing all organisms into
three major domains of life that includes the prokaryotes.
Beta-globin - ANSWER-The polypeptide chain of hemoglobin that is designated beta
and that when deficient or defective causes various anemias (as beta -thalassmia or
sickle-cell anemia).
Bicuspid Valve - ANSWER-The valve in the heart that guards the opening between the
left atrium and left ventricle, preventing blood from back flowing into the atrium.
Bioengineering - ANSWER-Biological or medical application of engineering principles or
engineering equipment.
Bioethics - ANSWER-The discipline dealing with the ethical implications of biological
research and applications especially in medicine.
Biomedical Science - ANSWER-The application of the principles of the natural sciences,
especially biology and physiology, to clinical medicine.
Biopsy - ANSWER-The removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the living
body.
Blood Pressure - ANSWER-The pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessels,
especially the arteries, measured on a radial artery by means of a sphygmomanometer
and expressed in millimeters of mercury.
Brachycardia - ANSWER-A relatively slow heart action whether physiological or
pathological.
Buffer - ANSWER-A solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or
bases are added to a solution.
Calorie - ANSWER-An amount of food having an energy producing value of one large
calorie (the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 g water one
degree Celsius).
Capsid - ANSWER-The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-
shaped, polyhedral, or more complex in shape.
Carboxyl Group - ANSWER-A functional group present in organic acids and consisting
of a single carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a
hydroxyl group.
Cardiology - ANSWER-The study of the heart and its actions and diseases.
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
Active Immunity - ANSWER-Immunity produced by the person's own immune system.
This type of immunity can be brought about by a natural infection or by a vaccine. It is
usually long lasting.
Adhesion - ANSWER-A sticking together of substances; the molecular attraction
exerted between the surfaces of bodies in contact.
Adenine - ANSWER-A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as
ATP, and certain coenzymes. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Agarose - ANSWER-A polysaccharide obtained from seaweed that is used as the
supporting medium in gel electrophoresis.
Allele - ANSWER-Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable
phenotypic effects.
Alpha-globin - ANSWER-The poly-peptide chain of hemoglobin that is designated as
alpha.
Amino Acid - ANSWER-An organic molecule possessing both the carboxyl and amino
acid groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.
Amino Group - ANSWER-A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to
two hydrogen atoms.
Amplification - ANSWER-A usually massive replication of genetic material and
especially of a gene or DNA sequence.
Angiography - ANSWER-The radiographic visualization of the blood vessels after
injection of a radiopaque substance in the form of an angiogram.
Amylase - ANSWER-Any of a group of enzymes (as amylopsin) that catalyze the
hydrolysis of starch and glycogen or their intermediate hydrolysis products.
Anemia - ANSWER-A condition in which the blood is deficient of red blood cells, in
hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Antibiotic - ANSWER-Substance produced by or a semi-synthetic substance derived
from a microorganism and able in dilute solution to inhibit or kill another microorganism.
,Antibiotic Resistance - ANSWER-Resistance to one or more antibiotics, usually due to
additional genetic information.
Antibody - ANSWER-Any of a large number of proteins of high molecular weight that
are produced by specialized B cells after stimulation by an antigen and act specifically
against the antigen in an immune response, that are produced abnormally by some
cancer cells, and that typically consist of four subunits including two heavy chains and
two light chains
Antigen - ANSWER-Any substance foreign to the body that invokes an immune
response either alone or after forming a complex with a larger molecule (as a protein)
and that is capable of binding with a product (an antibody or a T cell) of the immune
response.
Antiseptic - ANSWER-A substance that inhibits the growth or action of microorganisms
especially in or on living tissue.
Antiviral drugs - ANSWER-Drugs that act, are effective, or are directed against viruses.
Aorta - ANSWER-The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be
distributed by branch arteries through the body.
Aortic Valve - ANSWER-The semilunar valve that prevents blood from flowing backward
into the left ventricle.
Arrhythmia - ANSWER-An alteration in rhythm of the heartbeat either in time or force.
Artery - ANSWER-Any of the tubular branching muscular and elastic walled vessels that
carry blood through the body.
Atom - ANSWER-The smallest whole particle of an element that can exist alone or in
combination.
Atrium - ANSWER-A chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces
it into the ventricles as the heart pumps.
Autopsy - ANSWER-An examination of the body after death usually with dissection as
will expose the vital organs for determining the cause of death or the character or extent
of changes produced by disease- also called a necropsy, postmortem examination.
Autosome - ANSWER-A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex
(gender), as opposed to the sex chromosomes (X or Y).
Bacillus - ANSWER-A cylindrical or rod- shaped bacterium.
, Bacteria - ANSWER-A domain in the system of classification dividing all organisms into
three major domains of life that includes the prokaryotes.
Beta-globin - ANSWER-The polypeptide chain of hemoglobin that is designated beta
and that when deficient or defective causes various anemias (as beta -thalassmia or
sickle-cell anemia).
Bicuspid Valve - ANSWER-The valve in the heart that guards the opening between the
left atrium and left ventricle, preventing blood from back flowing into the atrium.
Bioengineering - ANSWER-Biological or medical application of engineering principles or
engineering equipment.
Bioethics - ANSWER-The discipline dealing with the ethical implications of biological
research and applications especially in medicine.
Biomedical Science - ANSWER-The application of the principles of the natural sciences,
especially biology and physiology, to clinical medicine.
Biopsy - ANSWER-The removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the living
body.
Blood Pressure - ANSWER-The pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessels,
especially the arteries, measured on a radial artery by means of a sphygmomanometer
and expressed in millimeters of mercury.
Brachycardia - ANSWER-A relatively slow heart action whether physiological or
pathological.
Buffer - ANSWER-A solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or
bases are added to a solution.
Calorie - ANSWER-An amount of food having an energy producing value of one large
calorie (the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 g water one
degree Celsius).
Capsid - ANSWER-The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-
shaped, polyhedral, or more complex in shape.
Carboxyl Group - ANSWER-A functional group present in organic acids and consisting
of a single carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a
hydroxyl group.
Cardiology - ANSWER-The study of the heart and its actions and diseases.
