Principles of Biomedical Science - EOC
Review Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
Biomedical Science - ANSWER-the application of the principles of the natural sciences,
especially biology and physiology, to clinical medicine
Control Group - ANSWER-The group in an experiment where the independent variable
being tested is not applied so that it may serve as a standard for comparison against the
experimental group where the independent variable is applied.
Dependent Variable - ANSWER-the measurable effect, outcome, or response in which
the research is interested
Experiment - ANSWER-a research study conducted to determine the effect that one
variable has upon another variable
Forensic Science - ANSWER-the application of scientific knowledge to questions of civil
and criminal law
Hypothesis - ANSWER-clear prediction of the anticipated results of an experiment
Independent Variable - ANSWER-the variable that is varied or manipulated by the
researcher
Negative Control - ANSWER-Control group where conditions produce a negative
outcome. Negative control groups help identify outside influences which may be present
that were not accounted for when the procedure was created.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) - ANSWER-Specialized clothing or equipment,
worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials (as defined by OSHA).
Positive Control - ANSWER-Group expected to have a positive result, allowing the
researcher to show that the experimental set up was capable of producing results.
Adenine - ANSWER-A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as
ATP, and certain coenzymes. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Chromosome - ANSWER-Any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that
contain the genetic material.
Cytosine - ANSWER-A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in
DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
,Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA - ANSWER-A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid
molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's
proteins.
Gel Electrophoresis - ANSWER-The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the
basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through
an electrical field in a gel.
Gene - ANSWER-A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific
nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
Guanine - ANSWER-A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in
DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Helix - ANSWER-Something spiral in form
Model - ANSWER-A simplified version of something complex used, for example, to
analyze and solve problems or make predictions.
Nucleotide - ANSWER-A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar
covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
Restriction Enzyme - ANSWER-A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific
nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) - ANSWER-Differences in DNA
sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of
restriction fragment lengths (DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction
enzymes).
Thymine - ANSWER-A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in
DNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
Autopsy - ANSWER-An examination of the body after death usually with such dissection
as will expose the vital organs for determining the cause of death.
Bibliography - ANSWER-A document showing all the sources used to research
information.
Citation - ANSWER-A written reference to a specific work (book, article, dissertation,
report, musical composition, etc.) by a particular author or creator which identifies the
document in which the work may be found.
Documentation - ANSWER-The act of creating citations to identify resources used in
writing a work.
,Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) - ANSWER-A
comprehensive set of standards and practices designed to give patients specific rights
regarding their personal health information.
Medical Examiner - ANSWER-A physician who performs an autopsy when death may
be accidental or violent. He or she may also serve in some jurisdictions as the coroner.
Glucagon - ANSWER-A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that
raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin.
Glucose Tolerance Test - ANSWER-A test of the body's ability to metabolize glucose
that involves the administration of a measured dose of glucose to the fasting stomach
and the determination of blood glucose levels in the blood or urine at intervals thereafter
and that is used especially to detect diabetes.
Homeostasis - ANSWER-The maintenance of relatively stable internal physiological
conditions (as body temperature or the pH of blood) in higher animals under fluctuating
environmental conditions
Hormone - ANSWER-A product of living cells that circulates in blood and produces a
specific, often stimulatory, effect on the activity of cells that are often far from the source
of the hormone
Insulin - ANSWER-A protein hormone secreted by the pancreas that is essential for the
metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood.
Negative Feedback - ANSWER-A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a
change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that
counteracts the initial fluctuation.
Positive Feedback - ANSWER-Feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its
output.
Type 1 Diabetes - ANSWER-Diabetes of a form that usually develops during childhood
or adolescence and is characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high
blood glucose levels.
Type 2 Diabetes - ANSWER-Diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and
most often obese individuals and that is characterized by high blood glucose resulting
from impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's inability to compensate with
increased insulin production.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - ANSWER-A compound composed of adenosine and
three phosphate groups that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes
by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis.
, Amino Acid - ANSWER-An organic monomer which serves as a building block of
proteins.
Calorie - ANSWER-The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g
of water by 1°C; also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releases when it cools
by 1°C. The Calorie (with a capital C), usually used to indicate the energy content of
food, is a kilocalorie.
Carbohydrate - ANSWER-A sugar in the form of a monosaccharide, disaccharide or
polysaccharide.
Chemical Bond - ANSWER-An attractive force that holds together the atoms, ions, or
groups of atoms in a molecule or compound.
Chemical Indicator - ANSWER-A substance (as a dye) used to show visually usually by
its capacity for color change, the condition of a solution with respect to the presence of
free acid or alkali or some other substance.
Chemical Reaction - ANSWER-Chemical transformation or change; the interaction of
chemical entities.
Compound - ANSWER-A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.
Covalent bond - ANSWER-A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share
one or more pairs of valence electrons.
Dehydration Synthesis - ANSWER-A chemical reaction in which two molecules are
bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.
Disaccharide - ANSWER-A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides
bonded together through dehydration synthesis
Element - ANSWER-The smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties
of the substance and is composed of one or more atoms.
Glucose - ANSWER-A monomer of carbohydrate, simple sugar.
Hydrolysis - ANSWER-A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water
Ionic bond - ANSWER-A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely
charged ions
Lipid - ANSWER-One of a family compounds including fats, phospholipids, and steroids
that is insoluble in water
Review Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
Biomedical Science - ANSWER-the application of the principles of the natural sciences,
especially biology and physiology, to clinical medicine
Control Group - ANSWER-The group in an experiment where the independent variable
being tested is not applied so that it may serve as a standard for comparison against the
experimental group where the independent variable is applied.
Dependent Variable - ANSWER-the measurable effect, outcome, or response in which
the research is interested
Experiment - ANSWER-a research study conducted to determine the effect that one
variable has upon another variable
Forensic Science - ANSWER-the application of scientific knowledge to questions of civil
and criminal law
Hypothesis - ANSWER-clear prediction of the anticipated results of an experiment
Independent Variable - ANSWER-the variable that is varied or manipulated by the
researcher
Negative Control - ANSWER-Control group where conditions produce a negative
outcome. Negative control groups help identify outside influences which may be present
that were not accounted for when the procedure was created.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) - ANSWER-Specialized clothing or equipment,
worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials (as defined by OSHA).
Positive Control - ANSWER-Group expected to have a positive result, allowing the
researcher to show that the experimental set up was capable of producing results.
Adenine - ANSWER-A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as
ATP, and certain coenzymes. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Chromosome - ANSWER-Any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that
contain the genetic material.
Cytosine - ANSWER-A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in
DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
,Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA - ANSWER-A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid
molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's
proteins.
Gel Electrophoresis - ANSWER-The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the
basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through
an electrical field in a gel.
Gene - ANSWER-A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific
nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
Guanine - ANSWER-A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in
DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Helix - ANSWER-Something spiral in form
Model - ANSWER-A simplified version of something complex used, for example, to
analyze and solve problems or make predictions.
Nucleotide - ANSWER-A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar
covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
Restriction Enzyme - ANSWER-A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific
nucleotide sequences and cuts up DNA.
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) - ANSWER-Differences in DNA
sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of
restriction fragment lengths (DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction
enzymes).
Thymine - ANSWER-A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in
DNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
Autopsy - ANSWER-An examination of the body after death usually with such dissection
as will expose the vital organs for determining the cause of death.
Bibliography - ANSWER-A document showing all the sources used to research
information.
Citation - ANSWER-A written reference to a specific work (book, article, dissertation,
report, musical composition, etc.) by a particular author or creator which identifies the
document in which the work may be found.
Documentation - ANSWER-The act of creating citations to identify resources used in
writing a work.
,Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) - ANSWER-A
comprehensive set of standards and practices designed to give patients specific rights
regarding their personal health information.
Medical Examiner - ANSWER-A physician who performs an autopsy when death may
be accidental or violent. He or she may also serve in some jurisdictions as the coroner.
Glucagon - ANSWER-A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that
raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin.
Glucose Tolerance Test - ANSWER-A test of the body's ability to metabolize glucose
that involves the administration of a measured dose of glucose to the fasting stomach
and the determination of blood glucose levels in the blood or urine at intervals thereafter
and that is used especially to detect diabetes.
Homeostasis - ANSWER-The maintenance of relatively stable internal physiological
conditions (as body temperature or the pH of blood) in higher animals under fluctuating
environmental conditions
Hormone - ANSWER-A product of living cells that circulates in blood and produces a
specific, often stimulatory, effect on the activity of cells that are often far from the source
of the hormone
Insulin - ANSWER-A protein hormone secreted by the pancreas that is essential for the
metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood.
Negative Feedback - ANSWER-A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a
change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that
counteracts the initial fluctuation.
Positive Feedback - ANSWER-Feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its
output.
Type 1 Diabetes - ANSWER-Diabetes of a form that usually develops during childhood
or adolescence and is characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high
blood glucose levels.
Type 2 Diabetes - ANSWER-Diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and
most often obese individuals and that is characterized by high blood glucose resulting
from impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's inability to compensate with
increased insulin production.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - ANSWER-A compound composed of adenosine and
three phosphate groups that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes
by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis.
, Amino Acid - ANSWER-An organic monomer which serves as a building block of
proteins.
Calorie - ANSWER-The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g
of water by 1°C; also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releases when it cools
by 1°C. The Calorie (with a capital C), usually used to indicate the energy content of
food, is a kilocalorie.
Carbohydrate - ANSWER-A sugar in the form of a monosaccharide, disaccharide or
polysaccharide.
Chemical Bond - ANSWER-An attractive force that holds together the atoms, ions, or
groups of atoms in a molecule or compound.
Chemical Indicator - ANSWER-A substance (as a dye) used to show visually usually by
its capacity for color change, the condition of a solution with respect to the presence of
free acid or alkali or some other substance.
Chemical Reaction - ANSWER-Chemical transformation or change; the interaction of
chemical entities.
Compound - ANSWER-A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.
Covalent bond - ANSWER-A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share
one or more pairs of valence electrons.
Dehydration Synthesis - ANSWER-A chemical reaction in which two molecules are
bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.
Disaccharide - ANSWER-A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides
bonded together through dehydration synthesis
Element - ANSWER-The smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties
of the substance and is composed of one or more atoms.
Glucose - ANSWER-A monomer of carbohydrate, simple sugar.
Hydrolysis - ANSWER-A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water
Ionic bond - ANSWER-A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely
charged ions
Lipid - ANSWER-One of a family compounds including fats, phospholipids, and steroids
that is insoluble in water
