IB Biology SL Latest Update Graded A+

IB Biology SL Latest Update Graded A+ Organic compound A compound that contains carbon found in living organisms, excluding carbonates and oxides Enzyme Biological catalysts made of protein that speed up the rate of a reaction Active site The region of an enzyme where the substrate binds Denaturation A structural change in the 3-D shape of a protein causing the loss of its chemical properties Cell respiration The controlled release of enrgy from organic compiunds in cells to form ATP Gene A heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic Alleles Specific forms of a gene, differing by one or few bases only and occupying the same locus of the gene Genome The whole of the genetic information of an organism Gene mutation A change in the gene sequence Homologous chromosomes Chromosomes similar in structure, with the same genes, but coming from different parents Genotype The alleles of an organism Phenotype The characteristics lof an organism Dominant allele An allele that has the same effect on the phenotype in the homozygous of heterozygous state Recessive allele An allele that only affects the phenotype in the homozygous state Codominant alleles Pairs of alleles that both affect the phenotype when present in the heterozygous state Locus The position of a gene on homologous chromosmes Homozygous Having two identical alleles of a gene Heterozygous Having two different alleles of a gene Carrier An individual that has one copy of a recessive gene coding for a genetic disease (that appears in homozygous individuals)