SCNM Q1 PHYSIOLOGY - SCHMIDT Exam With Verified Solution 2024

What are the important and physiological roles of Ca++ - Triggers Actin/Myosin for muscle contraction Triggers exocytosis Signal transduction acts as a second messenger by keeping resting intracellular calcium levels LOW Calcium release channel (IP3) - if activated the channel opens to allow calcium to flow down a concentration gradient into the cytoplasm Increasing cytosolic free calcium - activates different signaling pathways leading to muscle contraction List the major cations and anions of the human body - Cations - Na+, K+, Ca+, Anions - ClUnderstand why some atoms have a partial positive and negative charge and why those charges are important - In order to dissolve things, they need to be polar; water is polar and contains bonds between O2 and H - O2 pulls more charges (contributing to partial positive/neg charge) Water solubility - containing polar/non polar atoms, correspond to water/lipid solubility What is the pH scale and why are the pH of fluids in the body carefully regulated? - pH scale is an acid/base scale measuring the compounds ability to give or take protons (H) The body's processes are pH specific Certain enzymes and metabolic functions work better at certain pH ranges compared to others