HESI Nutrition Test Questions And Answers

HESI Nutrition Test Questions And Answers The parents of a 6-year-old child with celiac disease tell the school nurse that their child becomes dejected because she is not able to eat snack foods like the rest of her class and friends. What snack can the nurse recommend that is safe for the child to eat - ANSWER- tortilla chips Products composed of corn, rice, and millet do not contain gluten and are permitted on a low-gluten diet; tortilla chips are made from corn flour. Pretzels contain wheat flour, which is not permitted on a low-gluten diet; products containing rye, oats, and barley are also restricted. Oatmeal cookies contain oats, which are not permitted on a low-gluten diet. Peanut butter crackers contain wheat flour, which is not permitted on a low-gluten diet. A pathology report states that a client's urinary calculus is composed of uric acid. Which food item should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? - ANSWER- liver Uric acid stones are controlled by a low-purine diet. Foods high in purine, such as organ meats and extracts, should be avoided. Milk should be avoided with calcium, not uric acid, stones. Cheese or animal protein should be avoided with cystine, not uric acid, stones. Vegetables do not have to be avoided. The nurse is teaching a class about nutrition to a group of adolescents. Taking into consideration the prevalence of overweight teenagers, what is the best recommendation the nurse can make? - ANSWER- decrease fast food Eating a variety of healthful foods instead of a fast-food diet that is high in fat and carbohydrates helps decrease excess weight and increase energy with which to engage in physical activities. Joining a gym is expensive and unnecessary. Physical activity can be achieved in the schoolyard or at home. A multivitamin will not promote weight loss. Vitamins and minerals are best obtained in a balanced diet. Diet soft drinks do not contribute to obesity. A client describes abdominal discomfort following ingestion of milk. Which enzyme, as a result of a genetic deficiency, should the nurse consider to be the cause of the client's discomfort? - ANSWER- lactase Milk and milk products are not tolerated well because they contain lactose, a sugar that is converted to galactose by lactase. Sucrase assists in the digestion of sucrose, which is not a milk sugar. Maltase assists in the digestion of maltose, which is not a milk sugar. Amylase assists in the digestion of starch, which is not a milk sugar A client presents to the emergency department with weakness and dizziness. The blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg, pulse is 92 and weak, and body weight reflects a 3-pound (1.4 kilogram) loss in two days. The weather has been hot. Which condition should the nurse conclude is the priority for this client? - ANSWER- deficient fluid volume The low blood pressure indicates hypovolemia, the increased pulse is an attempt to maintain adequate oxygenation of tissues, and the rapid weight loss reflects loss of body fluid. Although impaired skin integrity is a concern with dehydration, it is not the priority. The rapid weight loss reflects a loss of fluid, not a loss of body tissue. Although the client may need assistance with activities, an inadequate intake of fluid has caused the client's dehydration, which is a serious medical problem that needs to be treated immediately. The nurse is caring for a client 4 days after the client was admitted to the hospital with burns on the trunk and arms. The nurse collaborates with the dietician to develop a dietary plan for the following day. Which plan will the nurse follow? - ANSWER- High caloric intake, liberal potassium intake, and 3 g protein/kg/day A high-calorie diet is needed for the increased metabolic rate associated with burns; the administration of potassium prevents hypokalemia, which can occur after the first 48 to 72 hours when potassium moves from the extracellular compartment into the intracellular compartment; protein promotes tissue repair. High caloric intake, restricted potassium intake, and 1 g protein/kg/day do not meet the body's needs for tissue repair; the protein and potassium are too limited. Moderate caloric intake, liberal potassium intake, and 3 g protein/kg/day do not meet the body's needs for tissue repair; the calories are too limited. Moderate caloric intake, restricted potassium intake, and 1 g protein/kg/day do not meet the body's needs for tissue repair; the calories, potassium, and protein are too limited. A primary healthcare provider prescribes a low-sodium, high-potassium diet for a client with Cushing syndrome. Which explanation should the nurse provide to the client about the need to follow this diet? - ANSWER- Excessive aldosterone and cortisone cause retention of sodium and loss of potassium." Clients with Cushing syndrome must limit their intake of salt and increase their intake of potassium. The kidneys are retaining sodium and excreting potassium. An excessive secretion of adrenocortical hormones in Cushing syndrome, not increased or high sodium intake, is the problem. Although sodium retention causes fluid retention and weight gain, the need for increased potassium also must be considered. Because of steroid therapy, excess sodium may be retained, although potassium may be excreted