Global Politics Questions with well explained answers

Sovereign - Answer-Recognised ability to exercise power over a territory with defined borders. Power - Answer-The ability of one global actor to influence the actions of another global actor. NGOs - Answer-Specialised organisations, agencies and groups committed to promoting a range of issues. They are independent from government influence, working as a group of individuals from around the world as a moderating influence on government behaviour. International Relations - Answer-Study of the relationships and interactions between states. Globalisation - Answer-The acceleration and intensification of exchanges of goods, services, labour and capital which promote global interdependence. Facilitated by advances in communication and technology. Has widespread impact on social, political, economic and cultural life. State - Answer-Central actors in international relations, they possess a permanent population, defined territory, and recognised sovereignty. Not necessarily homogenous. Nations - Answer-Groups of people claiming common bonds based on culture, language and history. Some have a state, some seek one. Eg. Jewish Nation-state - Answer-A political social grouping in which people within territorial boundaries, with recognised sovereignty have common bonds based on culture, languages and history. Mostly homogenous. Eg. Japan Sovereignty - Answer-A legitimate ability to apply affective control over a territory within recognised borders. International community - Answer-An entity that makes decisions and takes action for the benefit of all countries and peoples based on common issues. Contentious.Transnational corporation (TNC) - Answer-A company whose operations and investments extend beyond the boundaries of the state in which it is registered. Economic sovereignty - Answer-The power of national governments to make decisions independently of those made by other governments with regards to their economy. Thought to be challenged by globalisation. Cultural sovereignty - Answer-The power of national governments to make decisions independently to protect and develop the states national cultural expression. Thought to be challenged by westernisation. Third agenda issues - Answer-Issues which affect a number of states at any one time and so require joint action to be resolved. Eg. Terrorism, global warming, refugees. Terrorism - Answer-The threatened or actual use of violence to achieve political objectives. Convention - Answer-A set of agreed or generally accepted standards or norms governing behaviour and interaction between global actors. Crimes against humanity - Answer-Includes murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation and other inhuman acts against civilian population during wartime. Genocide - Answer-Acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group. Security - Answer-Refers to the protection of a states borders from intruders and the maintenance of sovereignty, most commonly through military power. Also now includes economic and environmental security. National interest - Answer-The goals or objectives of foreign policy and is used as an all embracing concept to justify policy preferences and actions. Trade - Answer-Exchange of good and services between global actors.Internationalism - Answer-Emphasises the similarities and links between people. Stressed a common humanity beyond national boundaries and promotes the need for cooperative solutions to common challenges. Justice - Answer-Concept of moral rightness based on ethics, laws, fairness and equity, that, importantly, also seeks punishment when said ethics are breached. On international scale: ICC, ICJ Developed world - Answer-States that have a high level of development, predominantly measured in economic terms. Human rights - Answer-Rights that are afforded to all human beings universally on the basis of their common humanity. Rights are restricted only to the extent of securing comparable rights for others. Developing world - Answer-States with low levels of economic wealth. Infant mortality rate - Answer-The number of infants who die before their first birthday, per 1,000 GDP per capita - Answer-Gross domestic product per capita is a measure of a states economic output. Gdp/total population Failed state - Answer-A state that has collapsed and that cannot provide for the basic needs of its citizens. Global governance - Answer-Institutions, rules, norms and legal arrangements that seek to facilitate cooperation and manage relations between states. Collective security - Answer-Security arrangements in which states agree to see a security threat to one member as a threat to all members