NUR 108 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

What is the nursing process? Know processes and examples of actions by which the nurse fit each element of the process. - Answer-Assessment: Recognize and analyze clues ex:) Patient reports that pain is a 5 on a 1-10 scale Diagnosis: Analyze clues and begin to prioritize hypothesis ex:) Pain Planning (outcomes and interventions): Prioritize hypothesis and generate solutions. ex:) The patient will state the level of pain is less than 4. Implementation: Take action on solutions generated ex:) Administering pain medication Evaluation: Evaluate implementation and outcomes. ex:) Check in and see if the medicine has helped yet or if there is no change. What is evidence-based practice (EBP)? - Answer-EBP is an approach that uses firm scientific data to present the most effective treatments, rather than anecdote, tradition, intuition, or folklore, in making decisions about medical and nursing practice. In nursing, it includes blending clinical judgement and expertise with the best available research evidence and patient characteristics and preferences. What are the goals of EBP? - Answer-The goal of EBP is to identify the most effective and cost-effective treatments for a particular disease, condition, or problem. What is inductive reasoning? - Answer-Moves from the specific to the general. The nurse gathers separate pieces of info., recognizes a pattern, and forms a generalization or conclusion.What is deductive reasoning? - Answer-Starts with a general premise and moves to a specific deduction. You have the "big picture" about what is true in general, and from that you can identify what is likely to be true for a particular individual. What is guesswork? - Answer-Guesswork is not an appropriate nursing strategy, it requires no use of reasoning or critical thinking skills. What are PICOT questions? - Answer-The PICOT question is a very consistent formula format, which can aid you to develop answerable and researchable questions. What does PICOT stand for? - Answer-Patients Intervention Comparison Outcome Time What is objective data? - Answer-The information the nurse gathers from direct observation, touch, smell, or hearing. What is subjective data? - Answer-When the patient shares feelings, perceptions, thoughts, and sensation. (Remember by thinking how the client is our SUBJECT) What are the elements of a well-written nursing order - Answer-Date- Indicate the date the order was written. Subject- Nursing orders are instructions to nurses, so they're written in terms of nursing behaviors. It's understood that the subject of the order is "the nurse", just as the subject of a goal statement is understood to be "the patient." Action verb- This tells the nurse what action to take (what to do).Times and limits- State when (which shift, what day), how often, and how long the activity is to be done. Consider the unit routines (visiting hours, mealtimes), the patient's usual rest times, scheduled tests and procedures (x-ray studies), and treatments (physical therapy). Specify exact times when needed. Signature- The nurse who writes the order should sign it, followed by your credentials. What are the role responsibilities of a social worker? - Answer-To coordinate and counsel patients about financial, housing, marital, an family issues impacting healthcare. What are the role responsibilities of an occupational therapist? - Answer-To help patients regain function and independence for activities of daily living. What are the role responsibilities of a physician's assistant? - Answer-To work under the physician's direction to diagnose certain diseases and injuries. What are the role responsibilities of a technologist? - Answer-To provide a variety of specific functions in hospitals, diagnostic centers, and emergency care. (Lab techs aid in the diagnosis and treatment of patients by examining blood, urine, tissue, and body fluids.) (Rad techs perform x-rays and other diagnostic testing.) What are commonalities shared by both critical thinking and the nursing process? - Answer-The nursing process requires critical thinking. It is a problem-solving process. They both have to be skillfully done. In what order does the star model of critical thinking and the nursing process go? - Answer-Assessment Analyzing assumptions Diagnosis Exploring alternatives Planning Using credible sources Implementation Reflecting and deciding EvaluationContextual awareness