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CHM142 Exam 3 Questions And Answers 2024 A+ Review

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CHM142 Exam 3 Questions And Answers 2024 A+ Review Buffer - ANS-Something that minimizes impact of the external force (in acid-base systems, force = pH) Acid-Base Buffer - ANS-A solution that will minimize changes in pH upon the addition of acid or base What is a buffer made of? - ANS-An acidic and a basic component - a conjugate acid-base pair (weak acid and conjugate base or weak base and conjugate acid) How do buffers work? - ANS-Through the common ion effect Common Ion Effect - ANS-Occurs when a given ion is added to an equilibrium mixture that already contains that ion, and the position of equilibrium shifts away from forming it What does adding a common ion do? - ANS-It decreases the percent dissociation of the acid and therefore increases the pH, making the solution less acidid Buffer Components - ANS-Large quantities of acid and its conjugate base that consume small quantities of acid or base by shifting equilibrium, and therefore adjusting pH only slightly What happens to a buffer when a small amount of strong acid or strong base are added to it? - ANS-The pH changes very slightly Henderson-Hasselbach Equation - ANS-pH = pKa + log([base]/[acid]) Buffer Characteristics - ANS-1. Buffer Capacity 2. Buffer Range Continues...

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