ESP X-Zone: Practice Exam

ESP X-Zone: Practice Exam The congenital cardiac anomaly seen most frequently in adults is: a) Ebstein's Anomaly b) bicuspid aortic valve c) ventricular septal defect d) AV septal defect - B) Bicuspid aortic valve Which echo window is used in the detection and assessment of the inferior vena cava? a) Apical b) Subcostal c) Parasternal d) Suprasternal - B) Subcostal What is the number and location of the papillary muscles of a normal mitral valve? a) one; the posteromedial b) two; the posteromedial and anterolateral c) two; the inferolateral and posteromedial d) three; the anterolateral, posteromedial, and inferolateral - B) Two; the posteromedial and the anterolateral Clinically, prolapse of the mitral valve is associated with: a) opening snap and systolic murmur b) diastolic murmur and third heart sound c) fixed split of the second heart sound d) midsystolic click and/or late systolic murmur - D) Midsystolic click and/or late systolic murmur Papillary muscle dysfunction usually results from: a) Dressler's Syndrome b) Ischemic heart disease c) Bacterial endocarditis d) Rheumatic heart disease - B) Ischemic heart disease In order to record the vegetation's of endocarditis by echo, the vegetation's must have a diameter of at least: a) one centimeter b) three millimeters c) three centimeters d) five millimeters - B) Three millimeters How many veins connect the pulmonary vascular bed with the left atrium in the normal heart? a) One b) Two c) Three d) Four - D) Four Which M-Mode finding is considered to be a specific indicator of a fenestrated aortic valve? a) Diastolic flutter of the mitral valve b) Premature opening of the aortic valve c) Diastolic Flutter of the aortic valve d) Early systolic flutter of the aortic valve - C) Diastolic flutter of the aortic valve Which cardiac abnormalities are frequently noted on the echo of patients with Marfan's syndrome? a) Mitral stenosis and pericardial effusion b) Mitral valve prolapse and aortic dilatation c) left ventricular aneurysm and thrombus formation d) Dilatation of the pulmonary artery and pulmonic stenosis - B) Mitral valve prolapse and aortic dilatation Which term if used to describe a segment of ventricular wall exhibits no motion? a) Akinesis b) Dyskinesis c) Hypokinesis d) Hyperkinesis - A) Akinesis A true aneurysm of the left ventricle can usually be distinguished from a pseudoaneurysm because a pseudoaneurysm: a) has a smaller more narrow neck than a true aneurysm b) never contains thrombi whereas a true aneurysm always contains a layered thrombus c) is always larger in overall size than a true aneurysm - A) Has a smaller more narrow neck than a true aneurysm Which type of cardiomyopathy is associated with amyloidosis? a) congestive b) restrictive c) hypertrophic d) infiltrative - D) Infiltrative In a patient with carcinoid heart disease, the cardiac sonographer must devote special attention to identifying abnormalities of the: a) aortic arch