PSY 352 Exam 1 Questions With 100% Verified Answers!!

Which of the following are factors that might affect why individuals have different levels of consistency in their personality? - Answer-Factor: mental health, maturity, age, psychological adjustment Not a factor: environment, pessimism, In Funder and Ozer's (1983) reanalysis of several famous studies of cognitive dissonance, bystander intervention, and obedience, what did their algebraic comparison reveal? - Answer-The size of the effects of personality and of the situation in predicting behavior were much more similar than many had assumed Which of the following are examples of interactionism in behavior? - Answer-Examples: Joey and Geraldo going to the prom, Adriana is a foodie, Samuel's manager and new policies, Not: Teacher enters classroom, Jacinda's analytical mind Consider that the subtraction method suggests removing the variance in behavior attributed to each factor in order to end with the amount attributed to a given trait. Which of the following are alternative options for the source of variance that could be "subtracted" using this method? - Answer-Alt Opts: other unmeasured person variables, indiv. diff. in responding to the relevant situation, any other situational variables Not alt Opts: measures personality variables Identify each scenario faced by Camila as illustrating either a situational or trait influence on her behavior. Labels can be used more than once. - Answer-Trait: Camila is shy, Camila likes to try new things Situational: Camila and dinner with parents talking about coursework, Camila talking to her friends on the first day of school, Camila waits in line for her audition A(n) _____ approach to behavior allows for multiple factors to influence people's behavior. This view suggests that people remain ______in comparison to peers, while still allowing for differences inbehavior based on the _______. This view also suggests that people can be _______ and maintain a level of consistency, and that they therefore do not behave in erratic ways. - Answer-interactionist, consistent, environment, adaptable Which of the following are benefits of the trait approach's focus on individual differences? - AnswerBenefits: it allows for a better understanding of how people differ from one another, there is no zero point of any given trait, an individual's trait level is compared to the trait level of other's trait measurements are almost always made on ordinary scales. Not benefits: it does not consider personality processes that are universal, trait measurements are almost made on ratio scales This figure shows the variance in behaviors that are due to persons and situations. Place the labels on the areas in the graph that include the traits that best represent each argument. - Answer-situationaisttop left, interactionist- top right. trait- bottom right Variance in behavior that is due to traits is approximately .16. The situationist argument suggests that, therefore, 1.0 - .16, or .84 of variance is due to the situation. Why is this logic flawed? - Answer-includes all unmeasured variables, not just situational ones Match each behavior to whether it is best predicted by person variance, situation variance, or both, based on research by Leikas, Lonnqvist & Verkasalo (2012). - Answer-Person: gestures, positive affect Situation: questions, mutual gaze frequency Both: talk, arousal The idea that people are psychologically different and that it is important and interesting to note these differences is made evident by what? - Answer-words arising to describe individual differences Funder & Colvin (1991) conducted a study to examine the influence of both the person and the situation on behavior. In this study, the researchers had participants come in on two separate occasions to sit and talk to a stranger of the opposite sex. Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about their first analysis of this study.In the first analysis, the researchers measured differences in ______that illustrated how _______ the participants felt. They found that people were much more comfortable during the second session in which they participated. This is an example of a _______ effect on behavior. - Answer-behavioral variables, awkward, situational Funder & Colvin (1991) conducted a study to examine the influence of both the person and the situation on behavior. In this study, the researchers had participants come in on two separate occasions to sit and talk to a stranger of the opposite sex. The only thing that changed for the second visit was that the person participants spoke to was different. Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about the researchers' second analysis of this study. In the second analysis, the researchers measured the consistency in behaviors more specifically related to personality from Session 1 to Session 2 for each ____ participant. They found that the participants' behavior was very ______ from Session 1 to Session 2. This is an example of a ________ effect on behavior. - Answer-individual, consistent, personality In Funder & Colvin's study (1991), the researchers made an important contribution to the _________. They showed that behavioral changes and behavioral ________ can coexist. Much research seeks to_________ variables, which makes it difficult to truly assess the person-situation debate. The current research examines the same data from each side of the debate, illustrating that human behavior considers multiple ________ from multiple _________simultaneously. - Answer-person-situation debate, consistency, isolate, variables, sources