CDCA local anesthesia Exam Review 118 Questions
with Complete Solutions which has thicker cortical plate, maxillary or mandibular? - Correct Answers mandibular (this decreased the amount of the local anesthesia molecules that can penetrate to nerves during infiltration injections)
due to the thickness of cortical bone, which is a good option for local anesthetic in the mandibular arch during infiltrations? - Correct Answers Articaine (Septocaine) is sometimes effective for mand. infiltrations (4% vs. 2% for lidocaine) due to the increased number of molecules
hematomas are most common with which type of injection, and why? - Correct Answers PSA due to nicking a vessel in the pterygoid plexus of veins
what is the TX for a hematoma? - Correct Answers pressure, cold compresses on/off, NSAIDS, and time.
a positive aspiration when administering a PSA is due to what? - Correct Answers aspirating hemorrhage caused by injection
what are the three most common locations for hematomas to occur? - Correct Answers 1. PSA
2. IA
3. mental
blanching of the tissue following/during an injection is caused by what? - Correct Answers vasospasm/vasoconstriction caused by epinephrine or brushing against autonomic nerves stimulation vasospasm
the pterygomandibular space/triangle is bordered by what anatomical structures? - Correct Answers ramus, lateral pterygoid muscle, and medial pterygoid muscle
the pterygomandibular space/triangle is identified intra-orally by what? - Correct Answers pterygoid hamulus (palpation), coronoid notch (palpation), and pterygomandibular raphe (visual)
the mandibular foramen lies approx. __________________________ of the distance from the anterior border of the ramus to the posterior border - Correct Answers 1/2 to 2/3 Antero-posteriorly, the greater palatine foramen is located between the ___________________________. - Correct Answers middle oft he maxillary second molar and the middle of the third molar in about 80-90% of patients.
all arteries leading to the oral cavity receive blood from what? - Correct Answers external carotid (most are direct or indirect branches from the maxillary artery with the exception of the lingula -- this is a direct branch from the external carotid)
veins from the oral cavity will drain into what? - Correct Answers internal jugular (both internal and external drain into the brachiocephalic veins which drain to the superior vena cava
do myelinated or un-myelinated nerves create faster impulse? - Correct Answers myelinated (impulses jump from node to node -- node of ranvier)
what is saltatory conduction? - Correct Answers the process of nerve impulses jumping from nodes of ranvier along a myelinated nerve
what is the resting potential charges of a nerve? - Correct Answers inside is negative and outside is positive
what molecules are predominately outside/inside at resting potential? - Correct Answers Na+ outside
and K+ inside
what is depolarization? - Correct Answers Na+ channels open , Na+ flows in reversing polarity; K+ flows out to restore neutrality; the Na+ and K+ pumps restore polarity (resting potential)
what is the mechanism of action for local anesthetics? - Correct Answers blocks the Na+ channels preventing depolarization
what is the basic structure of anesthetics? - Correct Answers aromatic ring (lipid soluble), intermediate chain (amide or ester configuration), and terminal amine (able to ionize and become water soluble)
lipophilic vs. hydrophyllic - Correct Answers lipophilic is lipid soluble and hydrophyllic is water soluble
with Complete Solutions which has thicker cortical plate, maxillary or mandibular? - Correct Answers mandibular (this decreased the amount of the local anesthesia molecules that can penetrate to nerves during infiltration injections)
due to the thickness of cortical bone, which is a good option for local anesthetic in the mandibular arch during infiltrations? - Correct Answers Articaine (Septocaine) is sometimes effective for mand. infiltrations (4% vs. 2% for lidocaine) due to the increased number of molecules
hematomas are most common with which type of injection, and why? - Correct Answers PSA due to nicking a vessel in the pterygoid plexus of veins
what is the TX for a hematoma? - Correct Answers pressure, cold compresses on/off, NSAIDS, and time.
a positive aspiration when administering a PSA is due to what? - Correct Answers aspirating hemorrhage caused by injection
what are the three most common locations for hematomas to occur? - Correct Answers 1. PSA
2. IA
3. mental
blanching of the tissue following/during an injection is caused by what? - Correct Answers vasospasm/vasoconstriction caused by epinephrine or brushing against autonomic nerves stimulation vasospasm
the pterygomandibular space/triangle is bordered by what anatomical structures? - Correct Answers ramus, lateral pterygoid muscle, and medial pterygoid muscle
the pterygomandibular space/triangle is identified intra-orally by what? - Correct Answers pterygoid hamulus (palpation), coronoid notch (palpation), and pterygomandibular raphe (visual)
the mandibular foramen lies approx. __________________________ of the distance from the anterior border of the ramus to the posterior border - Correct Answers 1/2 to 2/3 Antero-posteriorly, the greater palatine foramen is located between the ___________________________. - Correct Answers middle oft he maxillary second molar and the middle of the third molar in about 80-90% of patients.
all arteries leading to the oral cavity receive blood from what? - Correct Answers external carotid (most are direct or indirect branches from the maxillary artery with the exception of the lingula -- this is a direct branch from the external carotid)
veins from the oral cavity will drain into what? - Correct Answers internal jugular (both internal and external drain into the brachiocephalic veins which drain to the superior vena cava
do myelinated or un-myelinated nerves create faster impulse? - Correct Answers myelinated (impulses jump from node to node -- node of ranvier)
what is saltatory conduction? - Correct Answers the process of nerve impulses jumping from nodes of ranvier along a myelinated nerve
what is the resting potential charges of a nerve? - Correct Answers inside is negative and outside is positive
what molecules are predominately outside/inside at resting potential? - Correct Answers Na+ outside
and K+ inside
what is depolarization? - Correct Answers Na+ channels open , Na+ flows in reversing polarity; K+ flows out to restore neutrality; the Na+ and K+ pumps restore polarity (resting potential)
what is the mechanism of action for local anesthetics? - Correct Answers blocks the Na+ channels preventing depolarization
what is the basic structure of anesthetics? - Correct Answers aromatic ring (lipid soluble), intermediate chain (amide or ester configuration), and terminal amine (able to ionize and become water soluble)
lipophilic vs. hydrophyllic - Correct Answers lipophilic is lipid soluble and hydrophyllic is water soluble
