NYSTCE - CST 245 Arts and Sciences Exam with complete solutions

NYSTCE - CST 245 Arts and Sciences Exam with complete solutions Altimeter - ANSWER- an instrument that uses air pressure to record height Anemometer - ANSWER- an instrument to measure wind speed Angiosperm - ANSWER- a group of plans that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary, which may mature into a fruit Annuals - ANSWER- plants that die after one growing season Asexual Reproduction - ANSWER- reproduction involving only one parent Atmosphere - ANSWER- Earth's is primarily nitrogen and oxygen; the troposphere extends from the surface to about 10km, the stratosphere from 10km to 50km, the mesosphere from 50km to 80km, and the thermosphere is the atmosphere beyond 80km (exosphere extends beyond that) Aurora Borealis - ANSWER- light emission from the upper atmosphere that appear in many shapes and colors Bacillus - ANSWER- a rod-shaped bacteria Blood - ANSWER- fluid that circulates throughout the body of an animal, distributing nutrients, and usually oxygen Canopy - ANSWER- a layer of tree branches and other vegetation elevated above the ground Carbon Dioxide - ANSWER- a colorless, odorless gas that is important in the Earth's atmosphere greenhouse effect Carcinogen - ANSWER- a substance that can lead to cancer Carcinoma - ANSWER- a malignant tumor which forms in the skin and outside of internal organs Carnivore - ANSWER- an organism that eats meat, which includes animals, fungi, and plants Ceilometer - ANSWER- an instrument that measures cloud height Cell - ANSWER- the fundamental unit of all life; consists of an outer plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA) Celsius - ANSWER- a temperature scale in which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees Chemotherapy - ANSWER- a cancer treatment that includes chemicals toxic to malignant cells Chinook Wind - ANSWER- a warm, dry wind on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains Chlorophyll - ANSWER- the green substance that absorbs light during photosynthesis Chromosome - ANSWER- a single DNA molecule, a tightly coiled strand of DNA, condensed into a compact structure Clone - ANSWER- An identical copy of an organism Cloud - ANSWER- a visible group of water or ice particles in the atmosphere Commensalism - ANSWER- a relationship between dissimilar organisms that is advantageous to one and does not affect the other Continental Divide - ANSWER- in the US, the part of the western mountains that separates water flowing toward opposite sides of the country Convection - ANSWER- the movement up in the atmosphere of heated moisture; thunderstorms are often caused by convection Core - ANSWER- the portion of Earth from beneath the mantle to the Earth's center Cross-Pollination - ANSWER- fertilization of one plant by pollen from a different plant species Diabetes - ANSWER- a disease related to lowered levels of insulin Diploid Cell - ANSWER- A cell with two copies of each chromosome DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) - ANSWER- this primary component of chromosomes carries an organism's genetic code Double Helix - ANSWER- describes the coiling strands of DNA molecules that resembles a spiral staircase