LATEST 2024 (January) Nclex Practice QUESTION AND ANSWER

LATEST 2024 (January) Nclex Practice QUESTION AND ANSWER A nurse is planning dietary teaching for a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take first? a. obtain sample menus from the dietitian to give to the client b. ask the client to identify the types of food she prefers c. identify the recommended range of the client's blood glucose level d. discuss long-term complications that can result from non-adherence to the dietary plan - ANSWERAsk the client to identify the types of food she prefers -Nursing process: assess, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has late-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which of the following nutrients should the nurse instruct the client to increase her diet? a. calcium b. phosphorus c. potassium d. sodium - ANSWER-Calcium -CKD can cause hypocalcemia due to reduced production of vitamin D which is needed for calcium absorption -Clients with CKD can develop hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia and hypernatremia A nurse is providing teaching about diseasemanagement strategies to a 9-year-old client who has cystic fibrosis. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? a. thorough and effective pulmonary clearance can help prevent the need for a lung transplant when you get older b. you should eat these kinds of foods because they will help you grow big and strong c. you're mucus is thick because cystic fibrosis interferes with how you're glands work d. you're medication follows a certain schedule to help you sleep better - ANSWER-You're mucus is thick because cystic fibrosis interferes with how you're glands work The nurse assesses a client who has new onset atrial fibrillation. The ventricular rate is 145 beats/min. What does the nurse expect to observe? a. head and neck pain b. bilateral lower extremity swelling c. distended jugular veins d. dizziness and dyspnea - ANSWER-Dizziness and dyspnea -uncontrolled atrial fibrillation can result in acute drop in cardiac output. s/s are dizziness and shortness of breath -bilateral lower swelling = high salt, stay in position too long, heart failure, kidney failure, etc -distended jugular signs of chronic heart failure, fluid overload, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac tamponade A nurse is caring for a client who has a depressed skull fracture of the bone that makes up the larger part of the upper and side wall of the cranium. This fracture is located on which of the following bones? a. sphenoid b. occipital c. parietal d. frontal - ANSWER-Parietal -sphenoid forms part of face -occipital is the back of the skull -frontal is the front of the skull What is the primary dietary alteration for a client who has heart failure? - ANSWER-Sodium Restriction ex: turkey sandwich with whole-wheat bread A nurse is caring for a clinet who has multiple sclerosis and is receiving interferon beta-1a. The nurse should identify that which of the following client statements indicates a potential adverse effect of the medication? a. my body aches all over b. i have abdominal cramping c. my hair seems to be thinning d. it hurts when i urinate - ANSWER-My body aches all over -adverse effects of interferon beta-1a include flu-like symptoms A nurse is teaching a client with cystic fibrosis about daily chest physiotherapy. Which of the following is the purpose of these treatments? a. to encourage deep breaths b. to mobilize secretions in the airways c. to dilate the bronchioles d. to stimulate the cough reflex - ANSWER-To mobilize secretions in the airways - the purpose is to loosen and promote the drainage of secretions from the lungs