FLETC Written Exam #1 Questions and answers with 100% correct solutions | A+ Grade

Graham v. Connor (1989) Recognized that the right to make an arrest or investigatory stop necessarily carries with it the right to use some degree of physical coercion/threat to affect it. In the course of an arrest or stop is properly analyzed by Fourth Amendment's 'objective reasonableness' standard Graham Factors Severity of crime Whether suspect poses an immediate threat Whether suspect is actively resisting arrest Attempting to evade arrest by flight Additional factors considered when applying standard of Graham v. Connor that may govern the reasonableness of using force # of suspects/# of officers Size, age, condition of officer/suspect Duration of action Whether force applied resulted in injury Previous violent history known to officer at time Use of alcohol/drugs Suspect's mental history known to officer at time Presence of innocent bystanders Availability of officer weaponsRange of Reasonableness Officer responses range from: Hesitation---------------Aggressive Tennessee v. Garner (1985) Supreme Court stated it is not reasonable to shoot an unarmed nondangerous fleeing suspect. Key Elements of Tennessee v. Garner Probable cause Threat Officer not obligated to wait until death or serious bodily harm is occurring If based on totality of circumstance and the officer perceives a threat of such action, a reasonable force option may be used Pre-Assault Indicators Verbal aggression Change in posture Face becomes red, showing teeth, breathing faster Individual ignores you or stares through you Aggression Hands tighten Individual becomes rigid Chin tuckedCommon Restrictions in Agency Use of Force Policy Use of warning shots Use of maximum force Moving vehicles Exhausting lesser means of force first Physiological Changes triggered when faced with a threat Pounding heart Muscle tension Rapid, shallow breathing Nausea Dizziness Dry mouth Diminished sound Tunnel vision Slow motion time Memory loss Memory distortion Tunnel Vision Loss of peripheral vision Heightened Visual Clarity Clear picture of details you ordinarily might not notice/remember Hearing Distortions Total loss of hearing, to muffled or distantTime Distortion Things seem to speed up or slow down Cognitive/Behavioral Changes triggered when faced with a threat Automatic Behavior Memory Gaps Intrusive Thoughts Methods of overcoming hesitation in use of force Mental preparation Proper Training Belief in mission Personal Appearance Physical Fitness Understanding the law Reality Based Training Continuous Positive Visualization Understanding of agency policy Commitment to family/friends Will to win Fundamentals of Documenting Use of Force Incident Officer Safety Objective, not subjective Training and Experience Matched Description Basis for SeizureTerry Stop Reasonable suspicion sufficient for investigation stop or deten