IBEC state Exam with Correct Solutions 2024

IBEC state Exam with Correct Solutions 2024 Keratin - Answer -a protein substance that helps protect the skin against invasion keratinization - Answer -the process of living cells moving upward and changing to dead calls the two main zones of the epidermis - Answer -1. horny zone 2. germinal zone horny zone layers - Answer -1. stratum corneum 2. stratum lucidium 3. stratum granulosum (act as a barrier against invasion and water absorption) stratum corneum - Answer -outer most layer of the skin where dead skin cells are constantly shed stratum lucidum - Answer -second layer of the skin that is transparent due to eleidin and only on the palms of your hands and soles of your feet stratum granulosum (granular layer) - Answer -bottom layer of the horny zone. THICKEST on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands, THINNEST on the eyelids. Forms calluses. Germinal Zone Layers - Answer -1. stratum spinosum 2. stratum germinativum stratum spinosum - Answer -prickle cell layer stratum germinativum (basal cell layer) - Answer -the LOWEST layer of the epidermis, in contact with the dermis. cell division (mitosis) occurs here Stratum Mucosum - Answer -the malpighian layer The Dermis - Answer -the living layer or "true skin" Meissner's Corpuscles - Answer -nerve endings sensitive to touch in the papillary layer The Reticular Layer - Answer -the THICKEST layer of the skin made of collagen fibers Appendages of the Reticular layer - Answer -arrector pili muscles blood vessels fat cells hair follicles lymph vessels nerve endings sebaceous glads - oil sudoriferous glands - sweat As the blood supply circulates through the skin it... - Answer -transports the oxygen -rich blood and nutrients essential for growth; reproduction; and tissue repair of the skin, hair, and nails Lymph glands produce - Answer -lymph lymph - Answer -white blood corpuscles and plasma contains waste products, salts, and nitrogenous wastes sudoriferous glands - Answer -the sweat glands under the control of the sympathetic nervous system Apocrine Glands (smelly) - Answer -in the pubic and axillary (underarms) area excrete pheromones eccrine glands (everywhere) - Answer -all over the body more in the foreheads, palms of hands, and soles of feet Sebaceous glands (oil glands) - Answer -all over the skin mainly appendages to the hair follicles and open into the shafts of hair follicles. more on the scalp, T -zone, and cheeks produce sebum (oil) are of the philosebaceous unit influenced by the endocrine system most active during puberty the philosebaceous unit - Answer -the hair arrector pili muscle - Answer -an appendage that is attached to the hair follicle partially responsible for heat regulation subcutaneous layer (adipose tissue) - Answer -a layer of fatty tissue at the base of the dermis layers of the hair - Answer -1. cuticle (protection) 2. cortext (pigment) 3. medulla (strength of the hair) Anagen - Answer -hair's active growing phase, the hair follicle is at its deepest catagen - Answer -the hair follicle separates from the dermal papilla shortest growing phase (only a few days -a few weeks) telogen - Answer -resting stage, when papilla reaches the bulge functions of the skin (PHRASES) - Answer -1. protection 2. heat regulation 3. absorption 4. secretion 5. excretion 6. synthesis of vitamin D Sebum - Answer -prevents drying and cracking and prevents bacteria and germs from entering the skin and the body germinal layer (stratum germinativum) - Answer -contains melanin -producing melanocytes that protect the body from harmful ultraviolet radiation adipose tissue in the subcutis - Answer -cushions the body from falls, protects against minor trauma, and provides a source of energy heat regulation - Answer -the body adjusts to counteract environmental changes and to maintain a safe and appropriate temperature through EVAPORATION, PERSPIRATION, RADIATION, and INSULATION