DAANCE Module 2- Evaluation and Preparation of Patients with Systemic Diseases 2024

DAANCE Module 2- Evaluation and Preparation of Patients with Systemic Diseases 2024 The Mallampati Classification - visual analysis of the oral/oropharyngeal anatomy Class I - visualization of the soft palate, fauces, uvula, anterior and posterior pillars Class II - visualization of the soft palate, fauces, and uvula Class III - visualization of the soft palate and the base of the uvula Class IV - soft palate is not visible NPO - nothing by mouth ASA Class - risk level classification for anesthesia on patients developed by the american society of anesthesiologists; five classes Cardiovascular Disease - the number one cause of death in the US; all should be treated as a high risk patient when having sedation,or even local anesthesia ischemia - a decrease in the blood flow in the coronary arteries that can temporarily or permanently cause damage to the heart muscles by decreasing the oxygen available to the muscle atherosclerosis - plaque builds up over a period of years to the point that the lumen of the artery becomes narrower; hardening of the arteries Angina Pectoris - "pain in the chest' "Statins" - atorvastatin (lipitor); medications given to help reduce cholesterol and prevent build up of fatty plaque Beta Blockers - metoprolol (lopressor) given to reduce the effects of excessive adrenegic stimulation to the heart Myocardial Infarcation - heart attack; results from a severely deficient coronary arterial blood supply to a region of the myocaridium that causes cellular death (necrosis) of parts of the heart muscle Heart Murmur - when blood flows back into the atria from the ventricle, or into the ventricles from the aorta or pulmonary artery Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) - when redundancy of the valve leaflets allows further upward motion of the valve into the atrium as the valve closes Antibiotic Prophylaxis - pre med antibiotic given to kill any bacteria in the bloodstream during surgery to prevent a condition called subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) which can further damage the heart valves or cause systemic infection, ASA no longer requires this unless the patient has a past history of endocarditis or cardiac valve replacement Hypertension - high blood pressure; about 120/80 Systolic Pressure - the pressure in the arteries when the heart is contracting Diastolic Pressure - the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest or filling and getting ready to contract Left Sided Heart Faliure - the heart fails to pump blood out into the circulation efficiently causing blood to back up into the lung tissue; patients may complain of SOB Right Sided Heart Failure - the heart fails to pump blood efficiently to the lungs, causing blood to back up in the peripheral circulation Congenital Heart Disease - cardiac disease caused by a defect in the heart at birth Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR) - a regular rhythm with a rate of 60-100 beats per min Sinus Arrhythmia - similar to NSR except for subtle change in heart rate that occurs with each respiratory cycle Sinus Bradycardia - like NSR but with a rate of less than 60 beats per min Sinus Tachycardia - like NSR but with a rate of greater than 100 beats per min Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) - a premature firing of an ectopic focus in the atria producing an early contraction of the atria