ICT3612 EXAM PACK 2025 {DETAILED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS }

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Question 1 (2 marks)
What is the output of the following code when
executed? function func_1(){
return "func_1 is executed";
}
function
func_2()
{
func_1()
;
echo "func_2 is
executed";
}

f
u
n
c
_
2
(
)
;

1. func_1 is executedfunc_2 is executed
2. func_1 is executed
3. func_2 is executed
4. func_2 is executedfunc_1 is executed

Answer: (3)
Refer to chapter 13.
Both functions get executed, however the string returned by func_1()
never gets displayed.
Question 2 (2 marks)
What is the output displayed by the

following code? function

calculate($arr, &$num){

$result




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= 0;
foreach($arr
as $value){
$result += $value;
}
$num = $result / count($arr);
}

$arr = array(10,20,30,40,50);
$num =
0;
calcul
ate($a
rr,$nu
m);
echo
$num;

1. 150
2. 30
3. 15
4. 0

Answer: (2)
Refer to pages 392 to 393 (section ‘How to pass arguments by value
and by reference’) in chapter 13. In this code $num is passed by
reference and in the function, it gets initialised to 30
((10 + 20 + 30 + 40 + 50)/5), which then displayed outside of the function.

Question 3 (2 marks)

What is the output
displayed by the following
code? function
calculate(){ $num
= func_num_args();
$result = 0;
for($i = 0; $i < $num;
$i++){ $result
+= func_get_arg($i);
}
return $result * $num;
}
echo calculate(3,2,1,0);




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1. 0
2. 7
3. 21
4. 24

Answer: (4)
Refer to pages 400 to 401 (section ‘How to use variable-length
parameter lists’) in chapter 13. The function makes use of
variablelength parameter lists. It adds all the arguments and multiplies
the sum by the number of passed arguments. So 3+2+1+0 is 6 and 6*4
is 24. Question 4 (1 mark)
Within a function, you can use the ________________ keyword if you
need to refer to a variable that’s declared outside the function.

1. global
2. return
3. arguments
4. void

Answer: (1)
Refer to pages 394 to 395 (section ‘How variable scope works’)
in chapter 13. Question 5 (2 marks)

Which of the following options is correct about functions in PHP?

1. One can define a function without a name. Similarly, one can define
a function without a return statement.
2. When an argument is passed by value, the original variable is sent
to the function. Then any changes to the parameter in the function causes
changes in the value stored in the original variable.
3. If a function is defined without any parameters, it means that no
arguments can be passed to the function when a function call is made. 4.
A dedicated PHP file can be created to define multiple functions
but a namespace must be created for the functions in the file.

Answer: (1)

Refer to Chapter 13.
Referring to option 1, an anonymous function does not have a name
and functions need not have a return statement (see the function in
Question 2).




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