2021 AORN PeriOp 101 Exam Questions with Complete Rationales

2021 AORN PeriOp 101 Exam Questions with Complete Rationales 1. healthcare organizations 2. healthcare professionals 3. FDA - ANS: should strengthen the focus of existing processes on patient safety issues 1. sense of trust among team members 2. development & support of proactive approach 3. dissemination & verification of receity of info to all levels of staff & management 4. sincere commitment to affirming safety as 1st priority - ANS: Culture of Safety skill-based behavior errors generally occur - ANS: when our attention is diverted and we fail to monitor the actions we are performing ex: a nurse inadvertently hits the wrong control button - the correct button is near the incorrect button knowlege-based performance errors occur - ANS: when a nurse misinterprets a situation or incorrectly applies a rule ex: misinterpretation of test results, or a nurse fails to respond to a device alarm 1. distraction (background noise, conversations, radios) 2. fatigue & sleep loss 3. drugs (including alcohol & caffeine) 4. juggling multiple activities 5. stress 6. boredom 7. frustration 8. anxiety 9. anger 10. physical stamina d/t occupational muskuloskeletal injury (back/shoulder) - ANS: situational factors which play a significant role in medical errors What precaution should be taken when microfibrillar collagen is used as a hemostatic agent intraoperatively? - ANS: Avoid using it with an autologous blood salvage unit Drains that allow for passive drainage of fluid from the body: - ANS: Penrose and T-tube Benefits of a standardized count procedure: - ANS: 1. Assists accuracy 2. Assists efficiency 3. Human error studies have shown that many errors result from deviation Type of dressing used to prevent drying of the wound and increase the proliferation of epithelial cells: - ANS: Occlusive When handling hemostatic agents such as collagen or gelatin sponges: - ANS: Must not be injected or allowed to enter large vessels, as extensive intravascular clotting may occur. pledget - ANS: non-absorbable suture used when there is a possibility of sutures tearing through tissue. common uses of a pledget - ANS: vascular closure, septal repair, myocardial closure, heart valve suturing, hepatic repair ligature aka "tie" - ANS: strand of material tied around a vessel to occlude the lumen a nd prevent bleeding transfixion suture - ANS: type of ligature = crisscross stitch placed to control bleeding from a tissue surface or small vessel when it is tied bone wax - ANS: mixture of beeswax, isopropyl palmitate and a softening agent, which provides a mechanical tamponade effect to stop oozing from cut bone surfaces. common uses of bone wax - ANS: orthopedic and neurosurgical procedures and on the sternum during heart procedures mechanical hemostasis methods - ANS: bone wax ligature pledget clamps sutures staples sponges direct pressure chemical hemostasis methods: pharmacological - ANS: epinephrine vitamin K protamine lysine analogues (aminocaproic & tranexamic acid) chemical hemostasis methods: topical ACTIVE agents - ANS: thrombins chemical hemostasis methods: topical PASSIVE agents - ANS: 1. collagen-based gelatins 2. spheres 3. flowable agents 4. sealants Thermal/Energy hemostasis methods - ANS: 1. High-frequency electric current from an ESU 2. Bipolar vessel-sealing devices 3. Laser energy sources 4. Ultrasonic energy 5. Radio frequency energy generated by Argon gas