Composition of Matter (Notes)
Q1.
A. The intermolecular force is maximum in the particles of solid.
B. Solids retain their volume even when external pressure is applied. This
property is called elasticity.
C. Matter is classified into the types mixture, compound and element by
applying the criterion chemical composition of matter.
D. Matter that contain two or more constituent substances is called mixture.
E. Milk is an example of type of matter called Heterogeneous mixture.
F. Water, mercury and bromine are similar to each other, because three are
liquids.
G. Valency of carbon is 4 and that of oxygen is 2. From this, we understand
that there are 2 chemical bond/bonds between the carbon atom and one
oxygen atom in the compound carbon dioxide.
Q2.
a. Brass is odd one out, it is an alloy (mixture). Gold, silver, copper are
elements.
b. Hydrogen is odd one out, it is an element. Others are compounds.
c. Carbon is odd one out, it is an element. Others are mixture of various
elements.
d. Petrol is the odd one out. It is organic others are inorganic
e. Sugar is odd one out, it is made of glucose, thus organic compound.
Others are inorganic compounds.
f. Carbon is odd one out it has valency 4. Others have valency 1.
Q4.
a. Liquid element = mercury, bromine
b. Gaseous element = oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
c. Solid element = sodium, carbon, aluminium
d. Homogeneous mixture = sugar in water, salt in water, cold drinks
e. Colloid = mayonnaise, milk, butter, gelatin, jelly, muddy water
f. Organic compound = proteins, glucose, urea, carbohydrates
g. Complex compound = chlorophyll, haemoglobin, cyanocobalamine
h. Inorganic compound = limestone, rust, common salt
i. Metalloid = silicon, germanium
j. Element with valency 1 = sodium, potassium, chlorine
k. Element with valency 2 = magnesium, calcium
Q5.
Compounds Valency of
Name Symbol constituent
elements
Potassium chloride K 1
KCl
Cl 1
Hydrogen bromide K 1
HBr
Br 1
Magnesium bromide Mg 2
MgBr2
Br 1
Potassium oxide KO 1
K2O
2
Q1.
A. The intermolecular force is maximum in the particles of solid.
B. Solids retain their volume even when external pressure is applied. This
property is called elasticity.
C. Matter is classified into the types mixture, compound and element by
applying the criterion chemical composition of matter.
D. Matter that contain two or more constituent substances is called mixture.
E. Milk is an example of type of matter called Heterogeneous mixture.
F. Water, mercury and bromine are similar to each other, because three are
liquids.
G. Valency of carbon is 4 and that of oxygen is 2. From this, we understand
that there are 2 chemical bond/bonds between the carbon atom and one
oxygen atom in the compound carbon dioxide.
Q2.
a. Brass is odd one out, it is an alloy (mixture). Gold, silver, copper are
elements.
b. Hydrogen is odd one out, it is an element. Others are compounds.
c. Carbon is odd one out, it is an element. Others are mixture of various
elements.
d. Petrol is the odd one out. It is organic others are inorganic
e. Sugar is odd one out, it is made of glucose, thus organic compound.
Others are inorganic compounds.
f. Carbon is odd one out it has valency 4. Others have valency 1.
Q4.
a. Liquid element = mercury, bromine
b. Gaseous element = oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
c. Solid element = sodium, carbon, aluminium
d. Homogeneous mixture = sugar in water, salt in water, cold drinks
e. Colloid = mayonnaise, milk, butter, gelatin, jelly, muddy water
f. Organic compound = proteins, glucose, urea, carbohydrates
g. Complex compound = chlorophyll, haemoglobin, cyanocobalamine
h. Inorganic compound = limestone, rust, common salt
i. Metalloid = silicon, germanium
j. Element with valency 1 = sodium, potassium, chlorine
k. Element with valency 2 = magnesium, calcium
Q5.
Compounds Valency of
Name Symbol constituent
elements
Potassium chloride K 1
KCl
Cl 1
Hydrogen bromide K 1
HBr
Br 1
Magnesium bromide Mg 2
MgBr2
Br 1
Potassium oxide KO 1
K2O
2
