NEBOSH IGC (ALL CORRECT)
REASONS FOR GOOD HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT correct answers MORAL REASONS
Need to provide a reasonable standard of care and ethical reasons to reduce: accident rates industrial disease and ill-health rates.
SOCIAL REASONS
These include:
societal expectation of good standards of health and safety a duty of care — to provide:
a safe place of work, including access and egress
safe plant and equipment
a safe system of work
safe and competent fellow employees; and
adequate levels of supervision, information, instruction and training.
ECONOMIC REASONS
Poor health and safety management can lead to:
direct and
indirect costs.
Good health and safety management can lead to: a more highly motivated workforce, resulting in an improvement in the rate of production and product quality; improved image and reputation of the organisation with its various stakeholders."
COSTS OF ACCIDENTS AND ILL HEALTH correct answers DIRECT COSTS
Directly related to the accident and may be insured or uninsured.
Insured direct costs normally include: claims on employers' and public liability insurance; damage to buildings, equipment or vehicles; and any attributable production and/or general business loss."
Uninsured direct costs include: fines resulting from prosecution by the enforcement authority;
sick pay;
some damage to product, equipment, vehicles or process not directly attributable to the accident (e.g. caused by replacement staff);
increases in insurance premiums resulting from the accident;
any compensation not covered by the insurance policy due to an excess agreed between the employer and the insurance company; and
legal representation following any compensation claim.
INDIRECT COSTS
Costs which may not be directly attributable to the accident but may result from a series of accidents.
Insured indirect costs include: a cumulative business loss;
product or process liability claims; and
recruitment of replacement staff.
Uninsured indirect costs include:
loss of goodwill and a poor corporate image;
accident investigation time and any subsequent remedial action required;
production delays;
extra overtime payments;
lost time for other employees, such as a First Aider, who attend to the needs of the injured person;
the recruitment and training of replacement staff;
additional administration time incurred;
first aid provision and training; and
lower employee morale, possibly leading to reduced productivity.
Some of these items, such as business loss, may be uninsurable or too prohibitively expensive to insure. Therefore, insurance policies can never cover all of the costs of an accident or disease, because either some items are not covered by the policy or the insurance excess is greater than the particular item cost.
EMPLOYERS' RESPONSIBILITIES correct answers (a) to provide and maintain workplaces, machinery and equipment, and use work methods, which are as safe and without risk to health as
is reasonably practicable;
(b) to give necessary instruction and training that takes into account the functions and capabilities of different categories of workers;
(c) to provide adequate supervision of work practices, ensuring that proper use is made of relevant occupational health and safety measures;
(d) to institute suitable occupational health and safety management arrangements appropriate to the working environment, the size of the undertaking and the nature of its activities; and
(e) to provide, without any cost to the worker, adequate personal protective clothing and equipment which are reasonably necessary when workplace hazards cannot be otherwise prevented or controlled.
WORKERS RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS correct answers Workers' rights are embodied
in the ILO lsquo;Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work':
1 Freedom of association — the right of workers and employers to form and join organisations of
their choice.
2 Freedom from forced labour.
3 Freedom from discrimination.
4 Opposition to child labour.
The ILO Code of Practice — 'Ambient factors in the workplacersquo; — specifies that workers and their representatives should have the right to:
(a) be consulted regarding any hazards or risks to health and safety from hazardous factors at the workplace;
(b) inquire into and receive information from the employer regarding any hazards or risks to health and safety from hazardous factors in the workplace;
REASONS FOR GOOD HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT correct answers MORAL REASONS
Need to provide a reasonable standard of care and ethical reasons to reduce: accident rates industrial disease and ill-health rates.
SOCIAL REASONS
These include:
societal expectation of good standards of health and safety a duty of care — to provide:
a safe place of work, including access and egress
safe plant and equipment
a safe system of work
safe and competent fellow employees; and
adequate levels of supervision, information, instruction and training.
ECONOMIC REASONS
Poor health and safety management can lead to:
direct and
indirect costs.
Good health and safety management can lead to: a more highly motivated workforce, resulting in an improvement in the rate of production and product quality; improved image and reputation of the organisation with its various stakeholders."
COSTS OF ACCIDENTS AND ILL HEALTH correct answers DIRECT COSTS
Directly related to the accident and may be insured or uninsured.
Insured direct costs normally include: claims on employers' and public liability insurance; damage to buildings, equipment or vehicles; and any attributable production and/or general business loss."
Uninsured direct costs include: fines resulting from prosecution by the enforcement authority;
sick pay;
some damage to product, equipment, vehicles or process not directly attributable to the accident (e.g. caused by replacement staff);
increases in insurance premiums resulting from the accident;
any compensation not covered by the insurance policy due to an excess agreed between the employer and the insurance company; and
legal representation following any compensation claim.
INDIRECT COSTS
Costs which may not be directly attributable to the accident but may result from a series of accidents.
Insured indirect costs include: a cumulative business loss;
product or process liability claims; and
recruitment of replacement staff.
Uninsured indirect costs include:
loss of goodwill and a poor corporate image;
accident investigation time and any subsequent remedial action required;
production delays;
extra overtime payments;
lost time for other employees, such as a First Aider, who attend to the needs of the injured person;
the recruitment and training of replacement staff;
additional administration time incurred;
first aid provision and training; and
lower employee morale, possibly leading to reduced productivity.
Some of these items, such as business loss, may be uninsurable or too prohibitively expensive to insure. Therefore, insurance policies can never cover all of the costs of an accident or disease, because either some items are not covered by the policy or the insurance excess is greater than the particular item cost.
EMPLOYERS' RESPONSIBILITIES correct answers (a) to provide and maintain workplaces, machinery and equipment, and use work methods, which are as safe and without risk to health as
is reasonably practicable;
(b) to give necessary instruction and training that takes into account the functions and capabilities of different categories of workers;
(c) to provide adequate supervision of work practices, ensuring that proper use is made of relevant occupational health and safety measures;
(d) to institute suitable occupational health and safety management arrangements appropriate to the working environment, the size of the undertaking and the nature of its activities; and
(e) to provide, without any cost to the worker, adequate personal protective clothing and equipment which are reasonably necessary when workplace hazards cannot be otherwise prevented or controlled.
WORKERS RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS correct answers Workers' rights are embodied
in the ILO lsquo;Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work':
1 Freedom of association — the right of workers and employers to form and join organisations of
their choice.
2 Freedom from forced labour.
3 Freedom from discrimination.
4 Opposition to child labour.
The ILO Code of Practice — 'Ambient factors in the workplacersquo; — specifies that workers and their representatives should have the right to:
(a) be consulted regarding any hazards or risks to health and safety from hazardous factors at the workplace;
(b) inquire into and receive information from the employer regarding any hazards or risks to health and safety from hazardous factors in the workplace;
