Chapter 2 Stahl Questions with 100% correct answers

Chapter 2 Stahl Questions with 100% correct answers how psychotropic drugs work - Correct Answers target one of transporters for a neurotransmitter. target receptors coupled to G proteins. target enzymes neurotransmitter transport - Correct Answers presynaptic reuptake and vesicular storage. both use a molecular transporter that utilizes a 12 membrane region transporter SLC 6 (solute carrier 6 gene family) subtransporter - Correct Answers includes transporters for the monoamines serotonin, norepi, dopamine and for GABA and glycine SLC 1 (solute carrier 1 gene family) subtransporter - Correct Answers high affinity glutamate transporters presynaptic transporters - Correct Answers specific to neurotransmitter (SERT, NET, DAT) transports to specific synaptic vesicles - Correct Answers each presynaptic transporter is escorted into its vesicle by VMAT 2 (vesicular monoamine transporter 2) hitchhiking - Correct Answers does happen. a monoamine may go into eachothers vesicle. this is important for drugs. for example, DAT has a high affinity for dopamine or amphetamine. NET has a high affinity for dopamine and norepi. SERT has a high affinity for serotonin or ectasy allosteric - Correct Answers meaning "other site" the normal recapture of neurotransmitter by the presynaptic neurotransmitter transporter - Correct Answers keeps the levels of this neurotransmitter from accumulating in the synapse one third of currently prescribed psychotropic drugs - Correct Answers act by targeting one or more of the three monoamine transporters (DAT, SERT, NET) inactivation of neuropeptides - Correct Answers apparently by diffusion, sequestration and enzymatic destruction inactivation of histamine - Correct Answers thought to be entirely enzymatic ATPase proton pumps - Correct Answers utilizes energy to move neurotransmitter in and out and off of vesicles and transporters vesicular transporters as targets for psychotropic drugs - Correct Answers vesicular transporters for monoamines in the SLC 18 gene family (VMATs), particularly those for dopamine and norepi are targeted by several drugs including amphetamine, tetrabenazine and resperine class of receptors linked to G proteins - Correct Answers 7 membrane structure. each of the transmembrane regions has a central area that is the receptor area for a neurotransmitter. drugs can bine here or at other (allosteric) sites. this leads to a wide range of actions that result from a wide range of potential receptor modifications agonist spectrum of drugs that work at G protein linked receptors - Correct Answers no agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist no agonist - Correct Answers does not mean no activity. more like a low hum of activity as instead of full activity on a few receptors, low activity is happening on alot of receptors (constitutive activity) agonist - Correct Answers produces a conformational change in the GPLR that turns on the synthesis of second emssenger to the greatest extent possible full agonist - Correct Answers generally the action of the neurotransmitter itself, but some drugs can mimick. full range of downstream trigger effects is elicited by a full agonist. maximum impact. drugs that restore this natural action would be useful in states where reduced signal transduction leads to undesirable symptoms how to stimulate full agonist activity - Correct Answers directly bind to neurotransmitter site or indirectly boost levels of natural full agonist neurotransmitter how to indirectly boost levels of neurotransmitter - Correct Answers inhibit SERT, NET and DAT and GAT1 (GABA transporter). or block enzymatic destruction of neurotransmitter by inhibiting monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase antagonists - Correct Answers blocking the action of the natural neurotransmitter agonist. this is if there is too much of a good thing, if there is overstimulation of neurotransmitters causing symptoms. antagonists are well known for - Correct Answers their actions and their side effects antagonists block - Correct Answers the actions of everything in the agonist spectrum, but does nothing itself. returns the receptor confirmation back to the same state as exists when no agonists is present. inverse agonist - Correct Answers thought to produce a conformational state of the receptor that totally inactivates it and even removes the baseline constitutive activity. antagonist reverses - Correct Answers inverse agonist to restore constitutive activity partial agonist - Correct Answers partially enhanced signal transduction enzymes - Correct Answers are involved in multiple aspects of chemical neurotransmission. and every enzyme is a potential target for a drug acting as an enzyme inhibitor enzyme activity - Correct Answers is the conversion of one molecule into another, namely a substrate substrates for each enzyme - Correct Answers are unique and selective. it comes to an enzyme to bind at the enzymes active site and departs as a changed molecular entity called the product when an irreversible inhibitor binds to the enzyme - Correct Answers it cannot be displaced by the substrate reversible enzyme inhibitor - Correct Answers enzymes substrate can compete with that reversible inhibitor for binding to the enzyme and shove it off the enzyme. three enzymes targeted by psychotropic drugs used in clinical practice - Correct Answers MAO, acetylcholinesterase and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) GSK-3 - Correct Answers some neurotrophins, growth factors and other signaling pathways act through a specific downstream phosphoprotein, an enzyme called GSK-3, to promote cell death Lithium - Correct Answers can inhibit GSK-3 pharmacokinetic actions - Correct Answers are mediated through the hepatic and gut drug metabolism system known as the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system pharmacody how psychotropic drugs work - Correct Answers target one of transporters for a neurotransmitter. target receptors coupled to G proteins. target enzymes neurotransmitter transport - Correct Answers presynaptic reuptake and vesicular storage. both use a molecular transporter that utilizes a 12 membrane region transporter SLC 6 (solute carrier 6 gene family) subtransporter - Correct Answers includes transporters for the monoamines serotonin, norepi, dopamine and for GABA and glycine SLC 1 (solute carrier 1 gene family) subtransporter - Correct Answers high affinity glutamate transporters presynaptic transporters - Correct Answers specific to neurotransmitter (SERT, NET, DAT) transports to specific synaptic vesicles - Correct Answers each presynaptic transporter is escorted into its vesicle by VMAT 2 (vesicular monoamine transporter 2) hitchhiking - Correct Answers does happen. a monoamine may go into eachothers vesicle. this is important for drugs. for example, DAT has a high affinity for dopamine or amphetamine. NET has a high affinity for dopamine and norepi. SERT has a high affinity for serotonin or ectasy allosteric - Correct Answers meaning "other site" the normal recapture of neurotransmitter by the presynaptic neurotransmitter transporter - Correct Answers keeps the levels of this neurotransmitter from accumulating in the synapse one third of currently prescribed psychotropic drugs - Correct Answers act by targeting one or more of the three monoamine transporters (DAT, SERT, NET) inactivation of neuropeptides - Correct Answers apparently by diffusion, sequestration and enzymatic destruction inactivation of histamine - Correct Answers thought to be entirely enzymatic ATPase proton pumps - Correct Answers utilizes energy to move neurotransmitter in and out and off of vesicles and transporters vesicular transporters as targets for psychotropic drugs - Correct Answers vesicular transporters for monoamines in the SLC 18 gene family (VMATs), particularly those for dopamine and norepi are targeted by several drugs including amphetamine, tetrabenazine and resperine class of receptors linked to G proteins - Correct Answers 7 membrane structure. each of the transmembrane regions has a central area that is the receptor area for a neurotransmitter. drugs can bine here or at other (allosteric) sites. this leads to a wide range of actions that result from a wide range of potential receptor modifications agonist spectrum of drugs that work at G protein linked receptors - Correct Answers no agonist, partial agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist no agonist - Correct Answers does not mean no activity. more like a low hum of activity as instead of full activity on a few receptors, low activity is happening on alot of receptors (constitutive activity) agonist - Correct Answers produces a conformational change in the GPLR that turns on the synthesis of second emssenger to the greatest extent possible full agonist - Correct Answers generally the action of the neurotransmitter itself, but some drugs can mimick. full range of downstream trigger effects is elicited by a full agonist. maximum impact. drugs that restore this natural action would be useful in states where reduced signal transduction leads to undesirable symptoms how to stimulate full agonist activity - Correct Answers directly bind to neurotransmitter site or indirectly boost levels of natural full agonist neurotransmitter how to indirectly boost levels of neurotransmitter - Correct Answers inhibit SERT, NET and DAT and GAT1 (GABA transporter). or block enzymatic destruction of neurotransmitter by inhibiting monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase antagonists - Correct Answers blocking the action of the natural neurotransmitter agonist. this is if there is too much of a good thing, if there is overstimulation of neurotransmitters causing symptoms. antagonists are well known for - Correct Answers their actions and their side effects antagonists block - Correct Answers the actions of everything in the agonist spectrum, but does nothing itself. returns the receptor confirmation back to the same state as exists when no agonists is present. inverse agonist - Correct Answers thought to produce a conformational state of the receptor that totally inactivates it and even removes the baseline constitutive activity. antagonist reverses - Correct Answers inverse agonist to restore constitutive activity partial agonist - Correct Answers partially enhanced signal transduction enzymes - Correct Answers are involved in multiple aspects of chemical neurotransmission. and every enzyme is a potential target for a drug acting as an enzyme inhibitor enzyme activity - Correct Answers is the conversion of one molecule into another, namely a substrate substrates for each enzyme - Correct Answers are unique and selective. it comes to an enzyme to bind at the enzymes active site and departs as a changed molecular entity called the product when an irreversible inhibitor binds to the enzyme - Correct Answers it cannot be displaced by the substrate reversible enzyme inhibitor - Correct Answers enzymes substrate can compete with that reversible inhibitor for binding to the enzyme and shove it off the enzyme. three enzymes targeted by psychotropic drugs used in clinical practice - Correct Answers MAO, acetylcholinesterase and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) GSK-3 - Correct Answers some neurotrophins, growth factors and other signaling pathways act through a specific downstream phosphoprotein, an enzyme called GSK-3, to promote cell death Lithium - Correct Answers can inhibit GSK-3 pharmacokinetic actions - Correct Answers are mediated through the hepatic and gut drug metabolism system known as the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system pharmacody