English to Speakers of Other Languages Practice Questions and Complete Solutions

Creative Construction Theory The CCH emerged in the 1970s. It was based on a critical appraisal of the role of interference in second language acquisition. According to the CCH, the native language of a learner does not have much influence on the acquisition of another language. Moreover, the CCH held that there is not much difference between first and second language acquisition Selinker's interlanguage hypothesis idolect developed by a learner of a second language. Preserves some features of L1 overgeneralize in L2 Descriptive Grammar describes how people speak Perscriptive grammar grammar rules comprehensible input/output bit beyond ones level of competence automaticity processing input and output without delieration communicative competence cluster of abilities that enable humans to convey and interpret messages (negotiate meanings interpersonally). fossilization relatively permanent incorporation of incorrect linguistic forms into a person's second language critical period hypothesis biologically determined period when language can be acquired more easily overgeneralization generalizing an item/a rule in second language acquisition ex: ed applied to all verbs (negative transfer) Cummins Four Quadrants for categorizing language tasks He splits learning into four quadrants of activity. The vertical scale moves from Cognitively un-demanding tasks, those which the learners find easy, to cognitively demanding tasks, which they will find hard. cognates words with common etymological origin. Words in L1 and L2 that share similar meaning, spelling pronunciation