BIOD151 - Module 6 Questions and Correct Answers, With Complete Solution updated 2024.
does nervous system or exocrine system react faster to external/internal stimuli?
nervous system
two major groups of hormones
peptide and steroids
derivate of peptide hormones
proteins and catecholamines
derivate of steroid hormones
cholesterol
hormones can react with cells that have what on their cell surface?
receptors
do steroid or peptide hormones react faster?
peptide hormones
true or false: endocrine glands contain ducts and secrete their contents directly into an epithelial lining
false
true or false: the hypothalamus and pituitary glands are in the abdomen
false
the adrenal glands are found on top of the _____
kidneys
secondary endocrine organs
heart
thymus
kidneys
gonads
homeostasis
"set-point"
range in which body acts to maintain all its levels for function
during negative feedback a hormone level is high. What happens to hormone production?
brain detects hormone level is too high and hormone production is shut off
the action of oxytocin works through positive or negative feedback?
positive
why are neurons in hypothalamus called neurosecretary cells?
respond to neurotransmitters and produce hormones
axons travel from the hypothalamus terminate in what region of the brain?
posterior pituitary
the posterior pituitary gland stores what two main hormones?
ADH and oxytocin
ADH function -promotes reabsorption of water from collecting ducts, which receive urine produced by nephrons within the kidneys
-as blood becomes dilute hormone stops
what hormone stimulates release of milk from mammary glands?
oxytocin
what major hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland? (7)
GH (growth hormone)
PRL (prolactin)
MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
LH (leutenizing hormone)
growth hormone target
all body cells
GH action (4)
-cell growth
-cell division
-protein synthesis
-bone growth (stimulation of osteoblasts)
TSH target
thyroid gland
TSH action
stimulates thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4
gonadotropic hormones target
gonads
gonadotropic hormones action
control hormonal secretions of testes, ovaries
goiter
enlargement of thyroid gland due to lack of iodine in diet
how is goiter formed?
low level of T4 due to lack of iodine --> anterior pituitary continues to produce TSH --> thyroid increases in size
true or false: congenital hypothyroidism occurs in individuals with low thyroid levels in adulthood only
false
what hormones does the thyroid gland produce?
T3, T4, calcitonin
true or false: calcitonin increases the amount of Ca in blood
false
what hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels
PTH (parathyroid hormone)
target of calcitonin
bone cells
calcitonin action (2)
does nervous system or exocrine system react faster to external/internal stimuli?
nervous system
two major groups of hormones
peptide and steroids
derivate of peptide hormones
proteins and catecholamines
derivate of steroid hormones
cholesterol
hormones can react with cells that have what on their cell surface?
receptors
do steroid or peptide hormones react faster?
peptide hormones
true or false: endocrine glands contain ducts and secrete their contents directly into an epithelial lining
false
true or false: the hypothalamus and pituitary glands are in the abdomen
false
the adrenal glands are found on top of the _____
kidneys
secondary endocrine organs
heart
thymus
kidneys
gonads
homeostasis
"set-point"
range in which body acts to maintain all its levels for function
during negative feedback a hormone level is high. What happens to hormone production?
brain detects hormone level is too high and hormone production is shut off
the action of oxytocin works through positive or negative feedback?
positive
why are neurons in hypothalamus called neurosecretary cells?
respond to neurotransmitters and produce hormones
axons travel from the hypothalamus terminate in what region of the brain?
posterior pituitary
the posterior pituitary gland stores what two main hormones?
ADH and oxytocin
ADH function -promotes reabsorption of water from collecting ducts, which receive urine produced by nephrons within the kidneys
-as blood becomes dilute hormone stops
what hormone stimulates release of milk from mammary glands?
oxytocin
what major hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland? (7)
GH (growth hormone)
PRL (prolactin)
MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
LH (leutenizing hormone)
growth hormone target
all body cells
GH action (4)
-cell growth
-cell division
-protein synthesis
-bone growth (stimulation of osteoblasts)
TSH target
thyroid gland
TSH action
stimulates thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4
gonadotropic hormones target
gonads
gonadotropic hormones action
control hormonal secretions of testes, ovaries
goiter
enlargement of thyroid gland due to lack of iodine in diet
how is goiter formed?
low level of T4 due to lack of iodine --> anterior pituitary continues to produce TSH --> thyroid increases in size
true or false: congenital hypothyroidism occurs in individuals with low thyroid levels in adulthood only
false
what hormones does the thyroid gland produce?
T3, T4, calcitonin
true or false: calcitonin increases the amount of Ca in blood
false
what hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels
PTH (parathyroid hormone)
target of calcitonin
bone cells
calcitonin action (2)
