BIOD331 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Module 3
Final Exam Review
Q&A
2024
,1. A patient with a history of chronic heart failure is admitted with signs
of increased immune response. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is
most likely occurring?
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV
Answer: B) Type II
Rationale: Type II hypersensitivity reactions are antibody-mediated and
often involve the activation of complement in conditions such as chronic
heart failure, where the immune system may target the heart tissue.
2. During an infection, a patient's laboratory results show high levels of
neutrophils. This indicates:
A) Bacterial infection
B) Viral infection
C) Parasitic infection
D) Fungal infection
Answer: A) Bacterial infection
Rationale: Neutrophils are the body's primary defense against bacterial
infections, and an elevated count typically indicates a bacterial cause.
3. A nursing student is asked to identify the primary cell involved in cell-
mediated immunity. Which cell should they select?
A) B lymphocyte
B) Macrophage
C) T lymphocyte
D) Natural killer cell
Answer: C) T lymphocyte
Rationale: T lymphocytes are the main cells responsible for cell-mediated
immunity, which does not involve antibodies but rather direct cellular
response.
4. A patient is diagnosed with a deficiency in humoral immunity. Which
component of the immune system is most likely affected?
A) T cells
B) B cells
C) Macrophages
, D) Dendritic cells
Answer: B) B cells
Rationale: B cells are responsible for humoral immunity through the
production of antibodies. A deficiency in this area suggests an issue with
B cell function or number.
5. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system fails to recognize self-
antigens as "self," leading to tissue damage. Which mechanism of self-
tolerance is most likely impaired?
A) Clonal deletion
B) Clonal anergy
C) Receptor editing
D) Immune privilege
Answer: A) Clonal deletion
Rationale: Clonal deletion is the process by which self-reactive T or B
cells are eliminated during development, ensuring self-tolerance.
6. A patient presents with symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE). Which type of immune dysfunction is primarily associated with
SLE?
A) Immunosuppression
B) Autoimmunity
C) Immunodeficiency
D) Hyperimmunity
Answer: B) Autoimmunity
Rationale: SLE is characterized by the immune system attacking the
body's own tissues, classifying it as an autoimmune disorder.
7. A nurse is explaining the role of the complement system in
inflammation. Which function should they emphasize?
A) Opsonization
B) Neutralization
C) Agglutination
D) Antibody production
Answer: A) Opsonization
Rationale: The complement system enhances the ability of antibodies and
phagocytic cells to clear pathogens through a process called opsonization.
Module 3
Final Exam Review
Q&A
2024
,1. A patient with a history of chronic heart failure is admitted with signs
of increased immune response. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is
most likely occurring?
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV
Answer: B) Type II
Rationale: Type II hypersensitivity reactions are antibody-mediated and
often involve the activation of complement in conditions such as chronic
heart failure, where the immune system may target the heart tissue.
2. During an infection, a patient's laboratory results show high levels of
neutrophils. This indicates:
A) Bacterial infection
B) Viral infection
C) Parasitic infection
D) Fungal infection
Answer: A) Bacterial infection
Rationale: Neutrophils are the body's primary defense against bacterial
infections, and an elevated count typically indicates a bacterial cause.
3. A nursing student is asked to identify the primary cell involved in cell-
mediated immunity. Which cell should they select?
A) B lymphocyte
B) Macrophage
C) T lymphocyte
D) Natural killer cell
Answer: C) T lymphocyte
Rationale: T lymphocytes are the main cells responsible for cell-mediated
immunity, which does not involve antibodies but rather direct cellular
response.
4. A patient is diagnosed with a deficiency in humoral immunity. Which
component of the immune system is most likely affected?
A) T cells
B) B cells
C) Macrophages
, D) Dendritic cells
Answer: B) B cells
Rationale: B cells are responsible for humoral immunity through the
production of antibodies. A deficiency in this area suggests an issue with
B cell function or number.
5. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system fails to recognize self-
antigens as "self," leading to tissue damage. Which mechanism of self-
tolerance is most likely impaired?
A) Clonal deletion
B) Clonal anergy
C) Receptor editing
D) Immune privilege
Answer: A) Clonal deletion
Rationale: Clonal deletion is the process by which self-reactive T or B
cells are eliminated during development, ensuring self-tolerance.
6. A patient presents with symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE). Which type of immune dysfunction is primarily associated with
SLE?
A) Immunosuppression
B) Autoimmunity
C) Immunodeficiency
D) Hyperimmunity
Answer: B) Autoimmunity
Rationale: SLE is characterized by the immune system attacking the
body's own tissues, classifying it as an autoimmune disorder.
7. A nurse is explaining the role of the complement system in
inflammation. Which function should they emphasize?
A) Opsonization
B) Neutralization
C) Agglutination
D) Antibody production
Answer: A) Opsonization
Rationale: The complement system enhances the ability of antibodies and
phagocytic cells to clear pathogens through a process called opsonization.
