COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
(3) THREE TYPES OF THINKING
There are three types of thought that our brains produce:
1. Insightful (used for problem solving),
2. Experiential (focused on the task at hand), and
3. Incessant (chatter). Insightful thinking helps us to do long range planning and problem solving.
4. Critical thinking
is the analysis of facts to form a judgment. The subject is complex, and several different
definitions exist, which generally include the rational, skeptical, unbiased analysis, or
evaluation of factual evidence (higher order thinking)
frontal lobe
5. Divergent Thinking
Is a thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many
possible solutions. It typically occurs in a spontaneous, free-flowing, "non-linear" manner,
such that many ideas are generated in an emergent cognitive fashion
Divergent thinking seems to be associated with high neural activation in the central,
temporal, and parietal regions, indications of semantic processing and re-combination of
semantically related information
6. Convergent Thinking
It generally means the ability to give the "correct" answer to standard questions that do
not require significant creativity,
Differences: Convergent thinking is linear and systematic while divergent thinking is web-like,
focusing on the connections between ideas. Convergent thinking narrows down multiple ideas into a
single solution. ... By contrast, divergent thinking is open-ended.
Note: Cognitive Psychology is focused on the PRE-FRONTAL CORTEX - (PFC) is the cerebral cortex
covering the front part of the frontal lobe. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex
cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior
Terms:
Synthesis - the combination of ideas to form a theory or system.
Thesis - a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or
proved.
Hypothesis - a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited
evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
Introjections - one of many defense mechanisms posited by Sigmund Freud, occurs when
a person internalizes the ideas or voices of other people. This behavior is commonly
associated with the internalization of external authority, particularly that of parents
Injunction - Injunctive norms involve perceptions of which behaviors are typically
approved or disapproved. They assist an individual in determining what acceptable and
unacceptable social behavior is. This would be the morals of your interpersonal networks
and surrounding community
, Excess sharing – Emotional Diarrhea
No unloading – Emotional Constipation
Assimilation- is a cognitive process that manages how we take in new information and
incorporate that new information into our existing knowledge.
Accommodation - to describe what occurs when new information or experiences cause
you to modify your existing schemas. Rather than make the new information fit into an
existing schema, you change the schema in order to accommodate the new information.
OTHER WAYS TO CULTIVATE THINKING ABILITY
Depth -
deeper
discussion
of what it is
Profoundn
ess of
“what
makes it
Note: Can’t adjust or can’t adapt have problems
CONCEPTS OF THINKING
(Logical ways of thinking or basic reasoning types)
Abductive Deductive Inductive
Horizontal reasoning; forming a General to specific; used in Specific to general; analyzing
hypothesis drawing certain logical the data from testing a
conclusions from the data hypothesis; BOTTOM-UP
gathered; TOP-DOWN
is a form of logical inference is a logical process in which a is a logical process in which
which starts with an conclusion is based on the multiple premises, all believed
observation or set of concordance of multiple true or found true most of the
observations then seeks to find premises that are generally time, are combined to obtain a
the simplest and most likely assumed to be true specific conclusion.
explanation for the
observations. This process,
unlike deductive reasoning,
yields a plausible conclusion
but does not positively verify it
Rational Logical
according to the broader requirement that they if they are "conducted or assessed according to
are based on reason and knowledge strict principles of validity",
Moral Reasoning (Kohlberg) - is a thinking process with the objective of determining
whether an idea is right or wrong. To know whether something is "right" or "wrong" one
must first know what that something is intended to accomplish
(3) THREE TYPES OF THINKING
There are three types of thought that our brains produce:
1. Insightful (used for problem solving),
2. Experiential (focused on the task at hand), and
3. Incessant (chatter). Insightful thinking helps us to do long range planning and problem solving.
4. Critical thinking
is the analysis of facts to form a judgment. The subject is complex, and several different
definitions exist, which generally include the rational, skeptical, unbiased analysis, or
evaluation of factual evidence (higher order thinking)
frontal lobe
5. Divergent Thinking
Is a thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many
possible solutions. It typically occurs in a spontaneous, free-flowing, "non-linear" manner,
such that many ideas are generated in an emergent cognitive fashion
Divergent thinking seems to be associated with high neural activation in the central,
temporal, and parietal regions, indications of semantic processing and re-combination of
semantically related information
6. Convergent Thinking
It generally means the ability to give the "correct" answer to standard questions that do
not require significant creativity,
Differences: Convergent thinking is linear and systematic while divergent thinking is web-like,
focusing on the connections between ideas. Convergent thinking narrows down multiple ideas into a
single solution. ... By contrast, divergent thinking is open-ended.
Note: Cognitive Psychology is focused on the PRE-FRONTAL CORTEX - (PFC) is the cerebral cortex
covering the front part of the frontal lobe. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex
cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior
Terms:
Synthesis - the combination of ideas to form a theory or system.
Thesis - a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or
proved.
Hypothesis - a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited
evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
Introjections - one of many defense mechanisms posited by Sigmund Freud, occurs when
a person internalizes the ideas or voices of other people. This behavior is commonly
associated with the internalization of external authority, particularly that of parents
Injunction - Injunctive norms involve perceptions of which behaviors are typically
approved or disapproved. They assist an individual in determining what acceptable and
unacceptable social behavior is. This would be the morals of your interpersonal networks
and surrounding community
, Excess sharing – Emotional Diarrhea
No unloading – Emotional Constipation
Assimilation- is a cognitive process that manages how we take in new information and
incorporate that new information into our existing knowledge.
Accommodation - to describe what occurs when new information or experiences cause
you to modify your existing schemas. Rather than make the new information fit into an
existing schema, you change the schema in order to accommodate the new information.
OTHER WAYS TO CULTIVATE THINKING ABILITY
Depth -
deeper
discussion
of what it is
Profoundn
ess of
“what
makes it
Note: Can’t adjust or can’t adapt have problems
CONCEPTS OF THINKING
(Logical ways of thinking or basic reasoning types)
Abductive Deductive Inductive
Horizontal reasoning; forming a General to specific; used in Specific to general; analyzing
hypothesis drawing certain logical the data from testing a
conclusions from the data hypothesis; BOTTOM-UP
gathered; TOP-DOWN
is a form of logical inference is a logical process in which a is a logical process in which
which starts with an conclusion is based on the multiple premises, all believed
observation or set of concordance of multiple true or found true most of the
observations then seeks to find premises that are generally time, are combined to obtain a
the simplest and most likely assumed to be true specific conclusion.
explanation for the
observations. This process,
unlike deductive reasoning,
yields a plausible conclusion
but does not positively verify it
Rational Logical
according to the broader requirement that they if they are "conducted or assessed according to
are based on reason and knowledge strict principles of validity",
Moral Reasoning (Kohlberg) - is a thinking process with the objective of determining
whether an idea is right or wrong. To know whether something is "right" or "wrong" one
must first know what that something is intended to accomplish
