ALU 301: Chapter 2: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) with Complete Solutions.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) - ANSWER-Two inflammatory conditions of undetermined etiology: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Factors in the prevalence and incidence of IBD - ANSWER-Age, ethnic background (primarily Caucasian), geographic location and possibly the Western lifestyle. Western lifestyle - ANSWER-Includes a sedentary habit and a diet high in fat and simple carbohydrates. Ulcerative colitis (UC) - ANSWER-Manifests only in the colon and only in the mucosa; it does not involve the whole wall of the colon. Peaks are 15-35, then 60-70 (Smoking cessation). 30% only rectum; 40% only sigmoid and descending colon and 30% is the entire colon. Symptoms of ulcerative colitis - ANSWER-Rectal bleeding (most common), abdominal cramping, constant fecal urgency (tenesmus), and the passage of a mucopurulent discharge. Who is diagnosed with ulcerative colitis? - ANSWER-Slightly more than 30% of new cases are in persons over age 60; more males than females; disease in this group is more often confined to the left colon. How is disease severity of ulcerative colitis determined? - ANSWER-Endoscopy What evidence of disease is seen due to ulcerative colitis? - ANSWER-Intestinal mucosa is friable (bleeds easy), hyperemic (more red than normal), and exhibits multiple mucosal ulcerations. Recurrent inflammation leads to fibrosis and a shortened colon due to retraction, leaving a led pipe look Crohn's Disease (CD) - ANSWER-Characterized by inflammation of all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and can involve the mesentery as well as the nearby lymph nodes. All parts of the GI tract can be involved, mouth to anus. 30% involve Terminal Ileum, 40% involve ileum and colon, 25% colon alone, 5% stomach and duodenum. Other "names" for Crohn's disease - ANSWER-Granulomatous enteritis, regional enteritis, ileitis or terminal ileitis. Symptoms of Crohn's disease - ANSWER-Abdominal pain (most common), non-bloody