OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 3 The Cell

OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 3 The Cell * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. The idea that life could appear from nonliving materials was called which of the following? A. the cell theory B. the cellular genesis theory C. the theory of biogenesis D. the theory of spontaneous generation* 2. The first known use of epidemiology to trace the source of a disease outbreak was the identification of contaminated water as the cause of cholera transmission in London. Which of the following was the physician who accomplished this? A. Joseph Lister B. John Needham C. Ignaz Semmelweis D. John Snow* 3. Which of the following is a series of steps for determining the causative agent of a particular disease? A. Koch’s postulates* B. Lister’s checklists C. Pasteur’s principles D. Semmelweis’ guidelines 4. Which scientist performed an elegant series of experiments that finally and definitively disproved the theory of spontaneous generation? A. John Needham B. Louis Pasteur* C. Francesco Redi D. Jan Baptista van Helmont 5. Prokaryotes are classified into which domain(s)? A. Domain Archaea only B. Domain Bacteria only C. Domains Archaea and Bacteria only* D. Domains Bacteria and Eukarya only 6. Which term refers to a curved rod? A. bacillus B. coccus C. spirillum D. vibrio* 7. When a bacterial cell with a cell wall is placed in salt water with a higher-solute concentration than the cell cytoplasm, the cell will undergo which of the following? A. crenation B. crenolysis C. lysis D. plasmolysis* 8. The bacterial chromosome located in which of the following? A. the capsule B. the nucleoid region* C. the nucleus D. the thylakoids 9. Which scientist thought spontaneous generation had occurred in flasks of broth after the broth had been boiled? A. John Needham* B. Louis Pasteur C. Francesco Redi D. Jan Baptista van Helmont 10. Which of the following is not evidence for the endosymbiotic theory? A. Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain ribosomes that resemble prokaryotic ribosomes. B. Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own DNA that resembles prokaryotic DNA. C. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have structures that resemble prokaryotic cell walls.* D. Chloroplasts and mitochondria reproduce using binary fission, like prokaryotic cells. 11. Which physician realized that doctors were causing maternal deaths by failing to wash their hands while assisting during childbirth? A. Girolamo Fracastoro B. Joseph Lister C. Louis Pasteur D. Ignaz Semmelweis* 12. How did Joseph Lister dramatically improve surgical outcomes? A. by developing new antibiotics B. by developing new ways to circulate air within surgical facilities C. by using phenol as an antiseptic and disinfectant during surgery* D. by using vaccination against communicable diseases 13. Sporulation generally occurs under which of the following circumstances? A. when conditions are unfavorable or there are insufficient nutrients* B. when microbes are exposed to a new, favorable environment C. when microbes are under little stress and can become dormant D. when resources become highly abundant 14. Which of the following is not a difference between endospores and vegetative cells? A. Vegetative cells are metabolically active, whereas endospores are dormant. B. Vegetative cells are more resilient due to their metabolic activities, whereas endospores are more sensitive to change.* C. Vegetative cells normally have enzyme activity, whereas endospores do not show enzymatic activity. D. Vegetative cells stain easily using normal staining protocols, whereas endospores are difficult to stain without special endospore stains. 15. Immediately following asymmetric cell division during sporulation, which of the following structures contains the DNA and goes on to develop into an endospore? A. cortex B. forespore* C. hindspore D. spore coat 16. Which of the following gives the correct order of the stages of sporulation? A. Cortex formation, formation of a double layer of membrane, DNA replication, spore release B. DNA replication, formation of a double layer of membrane, cortex formation, spore release* C. DNA replication, spore release, cortex formation, formation of a double layer of membrane D. Formation of a double layer of membrane, DNA replication, spore release, cortex formation 17. Which of the following is not a clinically significant, spore-forming bacterium? A. Bacillus anthracis B. Clostridium botulinum C. Clostridium difficile D. Escherichia coli* 18. All cells have which of the following? A. capsule B. cell membrane* C. cell wall D. nucleus 19. Which term refers to proteins that extend across the plasma membrane from one side to the other? A. glycoproteins B. lipoproteins C. peripheral proteins D. transmembrane proteins* 20. In which types of organisms are phospholipids with branched chains common? A. archaea* B. bacteria C. eukaryotes D. all of the above 21. The lipopolysaccharide molecule is an important component of the cell membranes of which organisms? A. archaeans B. eukaryotes C. gram-negative bacteria* D. gram-positive bacteria 22. Capsules and slime layers are examples of which type of structure? A. cell walls B. glycocalyces* C. peptidoglycan layers D. S-layers 23. Bacteria use flagella to move purposefully toward or away from a chemical by which of the following? A. having alternating runs and tumbles of equal lengths B. increasing the length of runs and decreasing the length of tumbles* C. increasing the length of tumbles and decreasing the length of runs D. using only runs