MGMT midterm! Exam With Questions And Explanations Of Answers.

organization - correct answer systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose. 3 common characteristics of organizations - correct answer every organization has a purpose and is made up of people who are grouped in some fashion. no purpose or goal can be achieved without people making decisions to establish the purpose and performing a variety of activities to make the goal a reality. all organizations develop a systematic structure that defines and limits the behavior of its members. operative - correct answer people who work directly on a job or task and have no responsibility for overseeing the work of others. managers - correct answer people who direct the activities of others in the organization. first-line manager - correct answer (supervisor, team leader, coaches, unit coordinator) Responsible for directing the day-to-day activities of operative employees. middle managers - correct answer (department/agency head, project leader, unit chief, district manager, dean, bishop, division manager) Represent level of management between the first-line and top management. manage other managers. responsible for translating the goals set by top management into specific details that lower level managers can perform. top manager - correct answer ( vice president, president, chancellor, managing director, chief operating officer, chairperson) Responsible for making decisions about the direction of the organization and establishing policies that affect all organizational members. management - correct answer the process of getting things done, effectively and efficiently, through and with other people. efficiency - correct answer doing the task correctly and refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs. effectiveness - correct answer doing the right task, which in an organization translates into goal attainment Management process - correct answer planning, organizing, leading, controlling planning - correct answer defining an organization's goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities. Organizing - correct answer determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made leading - correct answer when managers motivate employees, direct the activities of others, select the most effective communication channel, or resolve conflicts among members controlling - correct answer the process of monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and correcting any significant deviation conceptual skills - correct answer refer to the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations interpersonal skills - correct answer encompass the ability to work with, understand, mentor, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups. technical skills - correct answer a manager's ability to use the tools, procedures, and techniques of a specialized field political skills - correct answer a manager's ability to enhance one's position, build a power base, and establish the right connections. Industrial revolution's impact on mgmt - correct answer machine power substituted for human power. The advent of machine power, mass production, the reduced transportation cost that followed the rapid expansion of the railroads, and lack of governmental regulation fostered the development of big organizations. Fredrick Taylor - correct answer Father of scientific mgmt, "principles of scientific mgmt" scientific mgmt - correct answer the use of the scientific method to define the one best way for a job to be done. Gilbreth studies - correct answer studied work arrangements to eliminate wasteful hand and body movements, experimented with the design and use of proper tools and equipment for optimizing work performance, best known for experiments with reducing the number of motions in bricklaying, first to use motion picture films to study hand and body motions therbligs - correct answer the gilbreths' classification scheme for labeling 17 basic hand motions fayols principles of mgmt - correct answer fundamental or universal truths that could be taught in schools or universities fayols 14 mgmt principles - correct answer division of work, authority, discipline, unity of command, unity of direction, subordination of individual interests to the general interest, remuneration, centralization, scalar chain, order, equity, stability of tenure of personnel, initiative, espirit de corps. bureaucracy - correct answer weber's ideal type of organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships. Hawthorne studies - correct answer research done in the late 1920's and early 1930's devised by western electric industrial engineers to examine the effect of different illumination levels on worker productivity, which led to a new emphasis on the human factor in the functioning of organizations and the attainment of their goals. multinational corporation - correct answer companies that maintain significant operations in two or more countries simultaneously but are based in one home country transnational corporation - correct answer A company that maintains significant operations in more than one country simultaneously and decentralizes decision making in each operation to the local country borderless organization - correct answer a management structure in which internal arrangements that impose artificial geographic barriers are broken down. Stage one-going global - correct answer exporting the organization's products to foreign countries. stage three-going global - correct answer managers license or franchise to another firm the right to use the organization's brand name, technology, or product specifications. Joint ventures involve larger commitments; a domestic and a foreign firm share the cost of developing new products or building production facilities in a foreign country. These strategic alliances provide a faster and less expensive way for companies to compete globally than if they did it on their own. Managers make the greatest commitment and assume the greatest risk, when the company sets up a foreign subsidiary. such subsidiaries can be managed as an MNC, a TNC, or a borderless organization. Strategic Alliance - correct answer a domestic and a foreign firm share the cost of developing new products or building production facilities in a foreign country. Parochialism - correct answer refers to a narrow focus in which one sees things solely through one's own view and from one's own perspective ethnocentric - correct answer the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture Hofstede - correct answer surveyed more than 116,000 IBM employees in 40 countries about their work related values. found variations on 5 value dimensions of national culture Hofstede's framework - correct answer power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, quantity of life vs. quality of life, uncertainty avoidance, long-term vs. short-term orientation e-commerce - correct answer any computer transaction that occurs when data are processed and transmitted over the internet e-business - correct answer the full breadth of activities included in a successful internet-based enterprise e-organization - correct answer refers to applications of e-business concepts to all organizations social responsibilty - correct answer a firm's obligation, beyond that required by the law and economics, to pursue long-term goals that are beneficial to society. social obligation - correct answer the obligation of a business to meet its economic and legal responsibilities and no more social responsiveness - correct answer the ability of a firm to adapt to changing societal conditions Themes of entrepreneurship - correct answer the pursuit of opportunities, innovation, and growth entrepreneurship - correct answer the process of initiating a business venture, organizing the necessary resources, and assuming the risks and rewards workforce diversity - correct answer the varied backgrounds of organizational members in terms of gender, race, age, sexual orientation, and ethnicity customer responsive culture - correct answer employees are friendly, accessible, knowledgeable, prompt in responding to customer needs, and willing to do what's necessary to please the customer