NURS 240 Palmer Exam 3 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024/2025

NURS 240 Palmer Exam 3 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024/2025 reduction in the total number of erythrocytes in circulating blood is reduction in the quality and quantity of hemoglobin - answeranemia classic signs of anemia - answerfatigue, weakness, dyspnea, pallor, dizziness, lethargy, tachypnea, tachycardia -cytic vs -chromic - answer-cytic=size -chromic= content Pernicious Anemia - answer+caused by a VIT B12 deficiency due to nutritional deficiencies or intrinsic factor production by gastric cells +at risk pts are gastric bypass, stomach ulcers, NSAID use, alcoholism +s/s slow development of classic signs of anemia, GI upset, beefy red tongue, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly Folate Deficiency Anemia - answer+caused by lack of dietary intake +at risk pts alcoholics, small intes removal, IBS pts, malnutrition, +s/s classic signs of anemia, inflammation, scales, fissures in the mouth, dysphagia, Diarrhea, farts testing for blood disorders includes - answerHbg and Hct and a CBC Iron Deficiency Anemia - answer+caused by lack of dietary intake, blood loss chronic +at risk pts females with heavy menses, GI cancers, ulcers, +s/s classic signs, brittle concave nails, tongue papillae atrophy, dry mouth Sideroblastic Anemia - answer+group of disorders characterized by the presence of ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow, IRON IS PRESENT BUT NOT ABLE TO BE USED +caused by iron getting stuck in the mitochondria of the cells and it forms a circle around the cell and is unable to be used +at risk drugs and alcohol +s/s classic signs, hemochromatosis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, BRONE SKIN Aplastic Anemia - answer+caused by damage to the bone marrow through chemo, meds, autoimmune disease and kidney failure +at risk pts cancer pts +s/s classic signs Post hemorrhagic anemia - answer+caused by loss of RBC's but normal iron stores +at risk pts acute blood loss, postoperative +s/s classic signs Hemochromatosis - answerelevated iron levels which leads to bronzy skin hemolytic anemia - answer+something is attacking and killing RBCs +at risk pts can be autoimmune disease, systemic disease, heredity +s/s classic signs and jaundice because the liver is attempting to degrade dead RBCs Sickle Cell Disease - answer+caused by genetics +not enough RBCs, existing RBC rigidity, sticky and sickled +can become stuck in the micro vessels +s/s classic signs, extreme pain during crisis Absolute Primary Polycythemia (polycythemia vera) - answer+excessive RBC production and excess blood product production +stem cell disorder with hyperplastic bone marrow alteration +abnormal uncontrolled proliferation of RBCs +s/s redness, viscous blood erythropoietin - answersecreted by the kidneys, signals the bone marrow to produce erythrocytes WBCs - answerleukocytes are responsible for fighting infections leukopenia - answerAbnormally low white blood cell count Leukocytosis - answerincrease in the number of white blood cells, indicates infection leukemia - answer+cancer of the blood or bone marrow +uncontrolled proliferation of immature WBCs +acute and chronic acute leukemia - answerfast growing leukemia and the least mature cells +s/s sudden onset, anemia, bleeding, infection weight loss, bone pain +diagnostics: elevated levels of blast cells, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia +treatments chemo, radiation, surgery chronic leukemia - answerdevelops slowly with gradual disease progression and is only present in adults, cells are more differentiated but don't function normally +s/s infection, humoral immunity suppression +diagnostics Biopsy +treatments stem cell transplants, symptom management lymphoma - answermalignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue Hodgkin's lymphoma - answer+presence of reed Sternberg B cells + linked to Ebstein Barr Virus + it follows a successive pattern from one lymph node to another +s/s lymphadenopathy (painless swelling of the lymph nodes Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - answer+No Reed-Sternberg cells +s/s lymphadenopathy, NIGHT SWEATS a cancer that results from b cell abnormalities and uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells in the bone which eventually leads to destruction of the bone this typically leads to high levels of calcium, high M- protein and high Bence Jones proteins - answermultiple myeloma M proteins are secreted by - answermalignant plasma cells/ b cells Multiple myeloma s/s - answerhypercalcemia, anemia, increased blood viscosity, pathologic fractures, proteinuria, renal failure mononeucleosis - answerself limiting virus, non cancerous, commonly caused by EBV transmitted through saliva s/s of mononucleosis - answerflu like symptoms, malaise, fatigue, joint pain, spleen enlargements