Qasp Final Exam Real Exam.

What is Discriminated stimulus? - ANSWER- a stimulus in the prescene of which a response has a higher probability of occurence as it is lkely to be reinforced What is TEACCH developed on? - ANSWER- understanding the learning characteristics of individuals w/ autism and the use of visual supports to promote meaning and independence What are the principles of TEACCH? - ANSWER- - understanding the culture of Autism - developing an individualized person- family- centered plan for each clien rather than using a standard curriculum - structuring the physical enviornment - using visual supports to make the sequence of daily activities predictable and understandable - using visual supports to make indv tasks understandable Why autism is considered a spectrum disorder? - ANSWER- ASD can have a range of symptoms Identify the currently accepted prevalence rates of autism. - ANSWER- 1 in 59 What does DSM stand for? - ANSWER- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Identify characteristics of autism. - ANSWER- Problems with social interactions, repetitive behaviors, limited or delayed communication, limited or focused interests Possible causes of autism - ANSWER- Vaccinations, genetic links, premature birth, exposure to chemicals during pregnancy. Minimum number of CEUs per year - ANSWER- 20 Target Behavior - ANSWER- Behavior selected for change What is an observable and measurable behavior? - ANSWER- A behavior that can be seen and measured. Difference between classical and operant conditioning. - ANSWER- Classical- involuntary response and a stimulus Operant- associate a voluntary respinse and consequence primary reinforcer - ANSWER- an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need (food, water, sleep, sex) secondary reinforcer - ANSWER- any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer, such as praise, tokens, or gold stars three part contingency - ANSWER- discriminative stimulus, operant response, and reinforcer or punishment Two main types of behavior - ANSWER- Operant and respondent skill deficit - ANSWER- the absence or insufficiency of a needed behavior or skill performance deficit - ANSWER- when a student knows how to perform the desired behavior but chooses not to or is incapable of doing so owing to anger, frustration, or some other condition Incidental teaching - ANSWER- Structuring and sequencing learning opportunities so that they occur within a natural setting and which is used to give the learner an opportunity to practice a skill naturalistic teaching strategies - ANSWER- instructional techniques that are used with children having neurodevelopmental disorders and that move away from traditional desk instruction toward more natural social interactions task analysis - ANSWER- The process of breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units; also refers to the results of this process. discrimination training - ANSWER- requires one response and two antecedant stimulus conditions. The response in the presence of one stimulus is reinforced while a response in the presence of the other is not. We are teaching them to make choices. stimulus control - ANSWER- A situation in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus. Stimulus control transfer - ANSWER- A procedure used to teach independence by transferring stimulus from a prompt to something natural in the environment Stimulus fading - ANSWER- highlighting a physical dimension of a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a correct response then the highlighted or exaggerated dimension is eventually faded out (ex: using traffic safety cones to mark a boundary to stay within and removing them slowly after the learner knows the boundaries) Sources of Sensory Information - ANSWER- Exteroception (external) and proprioception (internal) Sensory challenges of people with autism - ANSWER- language delays or deficits fine and gross motor delays strong sensory interests sensory aversions an inability to interact with people and objects an inability to stay within an interaction repetitive sensory stereotypies (stimming) and much more