BIOS 286 Exam 1 Complete Guide

BIOS 286 Exam 1 Complete Guide Which organ systems are essential for short term life survival? Respiratory, circulatory, nervous Sensory Neurons go from the organs to the CNS motor neurons CNS to the organs interneurons connecting cells within the CNS Spinal Cord long thin tubular bundle of nerves that is an extension of the brain; the main function is transmission of neural information between the periphery and the brain Cerebrum high activity, learning sensation cerebellum used to control motion what is the weight of adult brain relative to the total body weight? 2% how much of our body energy does the brain use? 20% neuroscience (neurobiology) a field that deals with the structure or function of the nervous system Behavioral neuroscience how the integrated behavior (dream) is produced? cognitive neuroscience the mechanisms for the higher level of mental activity, such as language, learning and memory what is the typical pH within the cell? 7-7.4 what is the pH inside the vesicles? 5.5 what is the consequence of exocytosis to the plasma membrane? vesicle is lipid; membrane is a lipid consequence on the membrane when vesicle fuses: increases the area of the membrane what is the consequence of endocytosis to the plasma membrane? the area of the membrane decreases advantages of chromaffin cells over neurons? easy access, bigger vesicle size Gray matter primary concentration of cell body white matter concentration of axons Myelin sheath white in appearance, hence the "white matter" of the brain; when present increase the speed of neural signals down the axon Thalamus the relay center for sensory and motor information Hypothalamus temperature regulation, water and food intake control Brain stem connects the brain and the spinal cord responsible for regulating many life support mechanisms, such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion and breathing cerebellum located below the cerebrum responsible for the balance and motor coordination Functions: 1. movement: directs the motor function of the body 2. sensory processing: identifies the information gathered by your sense organs 3. higher functions of the brain: language and communication, learning and memory During the DUI test, "finger to nose test" is to test the function of the ____ of the brain? cerebellum frontal lobe memory formation, emotions, decision making, motion (motor coordination)