Counseling & Mental Health Research Study Guide Verified Answers.

Mental health - correct answer A state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. APA - correct answer American Psychiatric Association American Psychiatric Association - correct answer Traditionally define mental disorders; recognize that mental health is more than the absence of mental illness; some people are more mentally healthy than others; developed characteristics of mental health. Mental Health Characteristics - correct answer Ability to enjoy life; resilience; balance; flexibility; self-actualization. Mental Illness - correct answer A health condition that changes a person's thinking, feeling, or behavior (or all three) and that causes the person distress and difficulty in functioning. Sigmund Freud - correct answer Theorist known for Psychosexual Developmment; personality components of Id, Ego and Superego. Also came up with psychosexual phases of oral, anal, phallic, latent & genital. Erik Erikson - correct answer Theorist known as a Neo-Freudian. Developed 8 stages of psychosocial development spanning from infancy to old age. Harry Stack Sullivan - correct answer Theorist known for personality development impacted by the environment and interpersonal relationships. He brought the Concept of Milieu Therapy and Therapeutic Community to our present world. Abraham Maslow - correct answer This theorist focused on wellness and factors contributing to mental health not mental illness. He developed the hierarchy of human needs. BF Skinner - correct answer Theorist who is famous for his work in behavior modification. He believed that all behavior is learned and results in positive or negative consequences based on his Principles of Reinforcement. Hildegard Peplau - correct answer This theorist introduces the therapeutic relationship with her work in nursing, counselors, teachers, resource persons, surrogates and leaders. She also identified levels of anxiety. John B. Watson - correct answer The theorist who developed behavioral theories based on his experiments with Little Albert who he conditioned to fear white, furry animals. Carl Jung - correct answer Theorist who developed work in the collective unconscious, the concept of archetypes and the notion of "individuation". Gestalt Theory - correct answer This theory presents a holistic view; the whole is greater than the sum of its parts; focuses on the here and now. Associated with Fredrick Perls. Carl Rogers - correct answer This theorist developed the theory of client centered therapy. Jean Piaget - correct answer This theorist developed the theory of Cognitive Development including the following 4 stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid - correct answer Stage 1: Physiological Stage 2: Safety Stage 3: Love/Belonging Stage 4: Esteem Stage 5: Self-Actualization Freud's Psychosexual Stages - correct answer Oral State (0-1 year) Anal Stage (1-3 years) Phallic Stage (3-5/6) Latency Stage (5/6 - puberty) Genital Stage (puberty to adult) Erikson's theory of Trust vs Mistrust - correct answer Attachment is key to this theory. People should choose one theory to follow and stick to it throughout their life. - correct answer No