MDC 4 NUR2755 FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

MDC 4 NUR2755 FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Alzheimer's Mild Stage -Forgets names; misplaces household items -Has short-term memory loss and difficulty recalling new information -Shows subtle changes in personality and behavior Alzheimer's Moderate Stage -Is disoriented to time, place, and event -Has difficulty driving and gets lost -Incontinent -Psychotic behaviors, such as delusions, hallucinations, and paranoia -Episodes of wandering, trouble sleeping Alzheimer's Late Stage -Totally incapacitated; bedridden -Totally dependent in ADLs -Has agnosia -Hallucinations -Incontinence -Difficulty eating Apraxia Difficulty with motor planning to perform tasks or movements Aphasia Inability to speak or understand language Anomia Inability to recall the names of everyday objects Agnosia Loss of sensory comprehension, including facial recognition Alzheimer's diagnostics -No laboratory test can confirm the diagnosis of AD -Definitive diagnosis is made on the basis of brain tissue examination at autopsy, which confirms the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques Alzheimer's medications Cholinesterase inhibitors- Donepezil, galantamine NMDA receptor antagonists- Memantine Parkinson's symptoms -Slow, shuffling, and propulsive gait -RESTING tremors -Muscle rigidity -Bradykinesia/akinesia (loss of ability to move muscles voluntarily) -Mask Like face -Drooling -Postural instability Parkinson's diagnostics -Diagnosis typically made based on manifestations, their progression, and by ruling out other disease -Analysis of CSF may show a decrease in dopamine levels Parkinson's medications Carbidopa/Levodopa (Sinemet) Parkinson's surgical interventions Stereotactic pallidotomy or thalamotomy Migraine triggers -Caffeine -Red wine -MSG -Foods high in tyramine (aged cheeses, cultured food like yogurt) Migraine abortive therapy Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, triptans, ergotamine derivatives Migraine preventative therapy Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiepileptics, Botox Migraine surgical treatment Trigeminal nerve resection Aura symptoms -Visual disturbances -Flashing lights/lines/spots -Numbness of lips or tongue